REPORT OF THE PROMOTION MISSION TO THE REPUBLIC OF NAMIBIA
BY
HON. COMMISSIONER JANET RAMATOULIE SALLAH-NJIE
12 to 16 June 2023
Considered at the 77th Ordinary Session
of the African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights
held in Arusha, Tanzania, from 19 October to 9 November 2023
1
The African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights
31 Bijilo Annex Layout, Kombo North District,
West Coast Region Gambia
Phone: (220) 230 4361 Fax: (220) 441 05 04
Email: au-banjul@africa-union.org
https:/achpr.au.int/
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ACRONYMS ........................................................................................................................................ 4
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ................................................................................................................ 5
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .................................................................................................................. 6
INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................................... 7
Terms of Reference ......................................................................................................................... 7
Previous Engagements between the Commission and Namibia ........................................... 8
Country Profile ................................................................................................................................ 9
Methodology .................................................................................................................................. 10
FINDINGS ......................................................................................................................................... 10
Legislative and other measures to implement the provisions of the African Charter..... 11
Institutional measures for the implementation of the provisions of the African Charter
.......................................................................................................................................................... 12
Monitoring the Implementation of Recommendations......................................................... 13
Promotion and Protection of Human Rights ........................................................................... 13
Access to Justice ......................................................................................................................... 13
Right to Life (Article 4 of the African Charter) ..................................................................... 14
Prohibition and Prevention of Torture and Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or
Punishment in Africa (Article 5 of the African Charter) ...................................................... 14
Prisons and Conditions of Detention ..................................................................................... 16
Field visits ...................................................................................................................................... 19
Windhoek Klein Correctional Centre (Female)................................................................... 19
Male Windhoek Correctional Facility ................................................................................... 20
Police Holding Cells ................................................................................................................. 20
Freedom of Expression and Access to Information (Article 9 of the African Charter) .... 21
Freedom of Association and Peaceful Assembly (Articles 10 and 11 of the African
Charter)........................................................................................................................................ 21
Freedom of Movement, Internally Displaced Persons, Protection of Refugees, and
Stateless Persons (Article 12 of the African Charter) ........................................................... 22
The Right to Land and Housing ............................................................................................... 23
Right to Employment ................................................................................................................ 23
Right to Health and Access to Health Care ........................................................................... 24
Right to Education..................................................................................................................... 26
2
The African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights
31 Bijilo Annex Layout, Kombo North District,
West Coast Region Gambia
Phone: (220) 230 4361 Fax: (220) 441 05 04
Email: au-banjul@africa-union.org
https:/achpr.au.int/
Rights of Women, Children, Older Persons, and Persons with Disabilities ......................... 27
Women ......................................................................................................................................... 27
Children ....................................................................................................................................... 29
Older Persons and Persons with Disabilities ....................................................................... 31
Indigenous Populations and Communities.................................................................................... 31
Extractive Industries and Environment ......................................................................................... 33
RECOMMENDATIONS ................................................................................................................. 34
I.
To the Namibian Government ........................................................................................... 34
Monitoring the implementation of recommendations ...................................................... 34
Legislative and other measures to implement the provisions of the African Charter . 35
Promotion and protection of human rights ............................................................................. 35
Prohibition of Torture and cruel, inhuman, and degrading treatment .............................. 35
Prisons, Conditions of Detention & Policing ........................................................................ 35
Freedom of Association and Assembly ................................................................................... 36
Freedom of Expression and Access to Information ............................................................... 36
Rights of Refugees, Asylum Seekers, Migrants and Internally Displaced Persons ......... 37
The Right of Citizens to participate in politics .................................................................... 37
Right to Housing ........................................................................................................................ 37
Right to Employment ................................................................................................................ 37
Right to Health and Access to Health Care ........................................................................... 37
Right to Education..................................................................................................................... 38
Rights of Women, Children, Older Persons, and Persons with Disabilities .................... 38
II.
To other stakeholders ....................................................................................................... 39
Annex 1: Mission Program .............................................................................................................. 40
3
The African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights
31 Bijilo Annex Layout, Kombo North District,
West Coast Region Gambia
Phone: (220) 230 4361 Fax: (220) 441 05 04
Email: au-banjul@africa-union.org
https:/achpr.au.int/
ACRONYMS
The African Commission on Human and Peoples’
Rights
The Commission
Republic of Namibia
Namibia
Civil Society Organisations
Non-Governmental Organizations
Rules of Procedure
Gender-Based Violence
Protocol to the African Charter on Human and Peoples’
Rights on the Rights of Women in Africa
The AU Convention for the Protection and Assistance of
Internally Displaced Persons in Africa
African Union
CSOs
NGOs
RoPs
GBV
The Maputo Protocol
The Namibia Planned Parenthood Association
Optional Protocol to Convention Against Torture
Convention Against Torture
National Preventive Mechanism
Grievous Bodily Harm
UN Standard Minimum Rules on the Treatment of
Prisoners
Post Exposure Prophylaxis
Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision
Offender Risk Management Correctional Strategy
Ministry of Health and Social Services
Community Health Workers
Psycho-Social Support Services
Committee on Land and Social Issues
United Nations Declarations on the Rights of Indigenous
Peoples
Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial
Discrimination
NAPPA
OPCAT
CAT
NPM
GBH
Nelson Mandela Rules
Kampala Convention
AU
PEP
VMMC
ORMCS
MoHSS
CHWs
PSS
CCLSI
UNDRIP
ICERD
4
The African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights
31 Bijilo Annex Layout, Kombo North District,
West Coast Region Gambia
Phone: (220) 230 4361 Fax: (220) 441 05 04
Email: au-banjul@africa-union.org
https:/achpr.au.int/
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
1. The African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights (the Commission)
would like to express its gratitude to the Government of the Republic of
Namibia (Namibia) for authorizing this Promotion Mission and putting at the
disposal of its Delegation all the facilities and personnel to ensure its success,
as well as for the frank and constructive dialogue during the Mission.
2. In particular, the Commission wishes to express its appreciation to the Ministry
of Justice, who accompanied the Delegation throughout its Mission, and the
excellent arrangements put in place, which enabled the Delegation to meet a
variety of Government officials and other actors, and to have a fairly
representative view of the human rights situation in the country.
3. The Commission also wishes to thank all the representatives from various
Government Ministries, Independent Statutory Institutions, Civil Society
Organisations (CSOs), other Institutions, the Media, and individuals who
found time to meet with its Delegation.
5
The African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights
31 Bijilo Annex Layout, Kombo North District,
West Coast Region Gambia
Phone: (220) 230 4361 Fax: (220) 441 05 04
Email: au-banjul@africa-union.org
https:/achpr.au.int/
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
4. The Commission undertook a five (5) day promotion mission to Namibia from
12 to 16 June 2023 and met with various Government authorities and
representatives
from
inter-governmental
and
Non-Governmental
Organizations (NGOs). This mission was undertaken in line with Article 45(1)
of the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights (the African Charter),
which mandates the Commission to promote the observance of the rights
guaranteed, to monitor its implementation, to ensure the protection of the
rights and freedoms set out therein, and to interpret the Charter.
5. The mission is also part of the implementation of Rule 76 of the Commission's
2020 Rules of Procedure (RoPs), which authorizes the Commission to
undertake "from time to time, promotion missions to States Parties.” The combined
reading of Article 45(1) of the African Charter and Rule 76 of the RoPs makes it
imperative for the Commission, during promotion missions, to gather
information on the implementation of the provisions of the African Charter to
formulate principles and rules that can serve as a basis for the development of
legislation and policies relating to human rights.
6. The promotion mission aimed at engaging State and non-State actors, including
CSOs, on the current state of human and peoples’ rights in the country,
promoting the African Charter and its various Protocols, and raising awareness
among Namibia stakeholders about the Commission's work. Several areas of
concern were noted, for which recommendations have been proposed to ensure
the effective promotion and protection of human rights in Namibia.
7. In this Report, the Commission proposes several recommendations, including
calling on the Government to expedite the ratification of regional and
international instruments, implement existing laws, ensure the effective
implementation of the rules and strategies protecting women from GenderBased Violence (GBV); establish an Independent Police Oversight body to
investigate allegations of violations committed by the Police and other Law
Enforcement Officers; resolve youth unemployment, and also provide them
with professional training and life skills; build dedicated Juvenile Facility or
construct separate Units for Juvenile Offenders; and develop strategies and
policies to address the incidences of homelessness, arising from eviction of
farm workers, who have been living and working on such land, over
generation.
6
The African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights
31 Bijilo Annex Layout, Kombo North District,
West Coast Region Gambia
Phone: (220) 230 4361 Fax: (220) 441 05 04
Email: au-banjul@africa-union.org
https:/achpr.au.int/
INTRODUCTION
Composition of the Delegation
8. The Commission’s Delegation comprised Honourable Commissioner Janet
Ramatoulie Sallah-Njie, Commissioner Rapporteur on the human rights
situation in the Republic of Namibia, and Special Rapporteur on the Rights of
Women in Africa.
9. Ms. Irene Desiree Mbengue, Senior Legal Officer from the Secretariat of the
Commission, assisted the Honourable Commissioner and provided technical
support during the mission.
Terms of Reference
10. The objectives of the mission to Namibia, according to the Terms of Reference,
were as follows:
i.
To promote the African Charter through the exchange of views and
sharing of experiences with the Government of the Republic of
Namibia and the main stakeholders working in the field of human
rights on how to improve the enjoyment of human rights in the
country;
ii.
To raise awareness of and visibility of the Commission in Namibia,
especially among the relevant Government departments and civil
society;
iii.
Meet State institutions and all the other stakeholders involved in the
promotion of women’s rights to discuss ongoing policies and
programs for the protection of women’s rights in the country;
iv.
Disseminate the African Charter and the Protocol to the African
Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights on the Rights of Women in
Africa (the Maputo Protocol);
v.
To raise awareness and the visibility of the mandate of the Special
Rapporteur on the Rights of Women in Africa, with the view to
7
The African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights
31 Bijilo Annex Layout, Kombo North District,
West Coast Region Gambia
Phone: (220) 230 4361 Fax: (220) 441 05 04
Email: au-banjul@africa-union.org
https:/achpr.au.int/
establishing networks of stakeholders who can provide information
to the same;
vi.
Ensure that the Special Mechanisms of the Commission are known
through their composition and mandate by emphasizing the
importance of establishing more potent synergy between these
mechanisms and CSOs;
vii.
To hold discussions with the governing authorities to exchange
views and collect all relevant information on the extractive industries
sector, its effects on the environment, and mechanisms to ensure the
protection of human rights in the country;
viii.
To hold discussions on civil and political rights, as well as social,
economic, and social rights and their implementation in the country;
ix.
To hold discussions with Prison Administrative Officials and other
stakeholders on all issues relating to detention and prisons and on
the work of the Commission on this specific theme;
x.
To hold discussions on other thematic issues of relevance to the
Commission;
xi.
To visit prisons and places of detention in Namibia to assess the
extent to which conditions of detention comply with regional and
international standards and
xii.
To inquire about the monitoring and implementing the
recommendations of the Concluding Observations on the Republic
of Namibia’s 7th Periodic Report on the implementation of the
African Charter and the 2nd Report on the Maputo Protocol.
Previous Engagements between the Commission and Namibia
11. The present mission was the second (2) mission to Namibia. The first mission was
undertaken from 24 to 27 August 2009 by Hon. Commissioner Pansy Tlakula, who
was responsible for promoting and protecting human rights in the Republic of
Namibia.
8
The African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights
31 Bijilo Annex Layout, Kombo North District,
West Coast Region Gambia
Phone: (220) 230 4361 Fax: (220) 441 05 04
Email: au-banjul@africa-union.org
https:/achpr.au.int/
Country Profile
12. The Population of Namibia in 2022 was 2,567,012, a 1.46% increase from 20211.
Namibians are of diverse ethnic origins. The principal groups are the Ovambo,
Kavango, Herero/Himba, Damara, mixed race ("colored" and Rehoboth Baster),
white (Afrikaner, German, and Portuguese), Nama, Caprivian, San, and Tswana.
English is the official (official) Oshivambo, Afrikaans, German, Herero,
Nama/Damara, and other indigenous languages.
13. Namibia is bounded on the north by Angola and Zambia, on the east by Botswana,
and on the east and south by South Africa. It is primarily a portion of the high
plateau of southern Africa, with a general elevation of 3,000 to 4,000 ft.
14. Namibia is governed under its 1990 Constitution. According to Article 1(3) of the
Constitution, there are three main state organs: the Executive, the Legislature, and
the Judiciary. The doctrines of the separation of powers and the rule of law
underpin the relationship between these three organs.
15. Namibia is a multiparty, multiracial democracy, and the President, the Head of
State, is popularly elected for a five-year term and is eligible for a second term. The
government is headed by a Prime Minister, whom the President appoints. There is
a bicameral legislature. The National Council has 26 seats, with two members
chosen from each regional council to serve six-year terms. Members of the 72-seat
National Assembly are popularly elected for five-year terms. Administratively, the
country is divided into 13 regions2.
16. The Namibian legal system is characterized by legal pluralism. It amalgamates
Westminster-style Constitutional law, Roman-Dutch common law, customary law,
and international law. The President of Namibia is the Head of State, the
government, and the Commander-in-Chief of the armed forces. The President is
elected directly in a universal adult suffrage system for five years. He is restricted
to a limit of two terms. The President is responsible for upholding the law and
Constitution and reporting to the National Assembly once a year. He also appoints
the Prime Minister, Attorney General, and other cabinet members.
17. The Cabinet comprises the President, the Prime Minister, and any other Ministers
the President appoints from the National Assembly. The Cabinet directs and
1 https://www.macrotrends.net/countries/NAM/namibia/population-growth-
rate#:~:text=The%20population%20of%20Namibia%20in,a%201.74%25%20increase%20from%202019.
2 www.inforplease.com. Encyclopedia-Namibia
9
The African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights
31 Bijilo Annex Layout, Kombo North District,
West Coast Region Gambia
Phone: (220) 230 4361 Fax: (220) 441 05 04
Email: au-banjul@africa-union.org
https:/achpr.au.int/
supervises the Ministries of the President and reports to the National Assembly on
international trade and treaty matters.3
18. The courts are divided into three levels. The highest court is the Supreme Court,
led by a Chief Justice and at least three other judges. The Supreme Court has
appellate jurisdiction over appeals from the High Courts, cases involving
interpretation of the Constitution, and matters referred to them by the Attorney
General.
19. The High Court consists of a Judge-President and other appointed judges. The
High Court has original jurisdiction over matters concerning the interpretation of
the Constitution, all civil and criminal cases, and cases on appeal from the Lower
Courts.
Methodology
20. During the Mission, the Delegation held discussions with various State and NonState Actors (see Annex 1) involved in the promotion and protection of human and
people’s rights in Namibia.
21. The Delegation visited the Male and Female wings of Windhoek Central
Correctional Facility and the Klein Windhoek Police Holding Cells.
22. At each of these meetings, the Delegation introduced the work of the
Commission by outlining its organisation, composition, mandate, activities, and
subsidiary mechanisms. It further presented the objectives of the mission and the
need to bring out good practices and highlight challenges to make relevant
recommendations.
23. The mission ended with a Press Conference.
FINDINGS
24. The mission lasted for five (5) days, during which the Delegation visited various
offices and institutions within Namibia and had the opportunity to meet and
interact with a cross-section of relevant stakeholders.
3 Namibia Legal System:
http://faculty.cua.edu/Fischer/ComparativeLaw2002/Namibia_Legal_System.htm
10
The African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights
31 Bijilo Annex Layout, Kombo North District,
West Coast Region Gambia
Phone: (220) 230 4361 Fax: (220) 441 05 04
Email: au-banjul@africa-union.org
https:/achpr.au.int/
25. Overall, the Delegation observed extensive interaction during the meetings with
the various Government representatives and other stakeholders. Furthermore,
owing to the short period in which the mission was conducted, the Delegation had
an intense work program. Still, to a large extent, the stakeholders’ meeting
provided adequate information, which gave the Delegation an insight into the
human rights situation in Namibia.
26. The Delegation’s interaction with a broad segment of relevant stakeholders gave it
valuable insights into the human rights situation in the country. Based on the
interviews conducted and the information obtained by the Delegation during its
exchanges with various stakeholders, the mission’s findings are discussed below,
in line with its Terms of Reference.
27. It is pertinent to note that Namibia is one of the few countries in the continent that
gives optimum visibility to the African Union (AU), with the presence of the AU
flag in all its public offices and the renditions of the AU Anthem at all official
functions.
Legislative and other measures to implement the provisions of the African Charter
28. The Delegation took note of the information provided on the measures taken by
the Government to implement provisions of the African Charter. The Government
had adopted laws to ensure the promotion and protection of human rights,
including:
i.
Ratification of regional and international human rights instruments,
including its recent deposit of the instrument of ratification for the
Protocol to the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights on
the Rights of Persons with Disabilities in Africa in June 2023, making
Namibia the 9th State to ratify the instrument;
ii.
Laws, Strategies, and Programs to protect and promote the rights of
women in Namibia, including the National Gender Policy;
Combating of Domestic Violence Act; the National Plan of Action on
Gender-Based Violence, 2019-2023; the Namibia Planned
Parenthood Association (NAPPA), which safeguards Sexual
Reproductive Health Rights; the establishment of a sex offenders’
register and special courts to handle sexual and GBV offences, to
combat violence against women; and the establishment of 17 GBV
Protection Units in 14 regions in the country; and
11
The African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights
31 Bijilo Annex Layout, Kombo North District,
West Coast Region Gambia
Phone: (220) 230 4361 Fax: (220) 441 05 04
Email: au-banjul@africa-union.org
https:/achpr.au.int/
iii.
Commencement of Repeal of Obsolete Laws Act, 2018 (Government
Notice 32 of 2019).
29. Additionally, the Delegation noted the need for more implementation and
enforcement of laws due to various challenges, including a lack of resources,
challenges in the justice sector, and enforcement officials.
30. Through its various interactions with State and non-state actors, the Delegation
took note of Namibia’s non-ratification of some regional and international human
rights treaties. In particular, Namibia is not a party to the following:
i.
ii.
Optional Protocol to Convention Against Torture (OPCAT);
Protocol to the African Charter on Human and People’s Rights on the
Establishment of an African Court on Human and People’s Rights;
Protocol to the African Charter on Human and People’s Rights on the
Rights of Older Persons; and
The AU Convention for the Protection and Assistance of Internally
Displaced Persons in Africa (Kampala Convention);
iii.
iv.
Institutional measures for the implementation of the provisions of the African
Charter
31. The Namibian Government has set up several institutions which, by their
missions, contribute to the promotion and protection of human rights in the
country, including:
i.
ii.
iii.
Establishment of an Information Commission, which will be
functional by the end of 2023, and the establishment of an Office of
the Information Commissioner;
Appointment of an Independent Media Ombudsman to regulate the
affairs of the media; and
Community Advisory Committee composed of people from various
backgrounds appointed by the Commissioner General and
mandated to inspect facilities and talk to inmates, amongst other
things, which has improved Correctional Facilities.
12
The African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights
31 Bijilo Annex Layout, Kombo North District,
West Coast Region Gambia
Phone: (220) 230 4361 Fax: (220) 441 05 04
Email: au-banjul@africa-union.org
https:/achpr.au.int/
Monitoring the Implementation of Recommendations
32. The Delegation made inquiries on implementing the recommendations of the
2009 Promotion mission undertaken by the Commission.
33. The Delegation also followed up on the Concluding Observations on the
Republic of Namibia’s 7th Periodic Report on implementing the African Charter
and the 2nd Report on the Maputo Protocol.
34. The Delegation learned that the Government had established a Standing
Committee on Implementation and Coordination, amongst other things, to
monitor the implementation of decisions from regional and international
bodies. The recommendations and decisions of the Commission on State
Reports, Communications, and Promotion missions fall within the ambit of the
Committee.
Promotion and Protection of Human Rights
35. During the mission, the Delegation also gathered information on different
categories of human rights protected by the African Charter and other relevant
instruments, as detailed below:
Access to Justice
36. As highlighted above, the Namibian legal system is characterized by legal
pluralism. It amalgamates Westminster-style Constitutional law, Roman-Dutch
common law, customary law, and international law. The 1990 Constitution
provides for the three main organs of the State, namely the Executive, the
Legislature, and the Judiciary.
37. The Delegation found that the doctrines of the separation of powers and the rule
of law work very effectively in Namibia. The Chief Justice is the head of the
Judiciary, and all indications point to the fact that the judiciary is indeed very
independent and free from any form of political or other interference. Citizens
have equal, unimpeded access to the law. The Ministry of Justice is separate and
distinct from the Office of the Attorney General and the Public Prosecutor.
38. Article 25 of the Namibian Constitution also guarantees the enforcement of
Fundamental Rights and Freedoms, which entails the right to adequate, effective,
13
The African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights
31 Bijilo Annex Layout, Kombo North District,
West Coast Region Gambia
Phone: (220) 230 4361 Fax: (220) 441 05 04
Email: au-banjul@africa-union.org
https:/achpr.au.int/
open, and transparent access to justice. The Namibian courts operate under the
auspices of the principle of effectiveness in affording every individual the right to
be heard and to have that right enforced where an alleged violation has occurred,
which may be criminal or civil. Notably, the Ministry of Justice’s Directorate of
Legal Aid makes provision for indigent persons to bring their cases to court.
39. More importantly, Article 144 of the Namibian Constitution makes provision for
international agreements binding upon Namibia to form part of the laws of
Namibia in its efforts to honor and continue promoting its international and
national human rights obligations.
40. However, the Delegation noted the need for more awareness of the jurisprudence,
soft laws, and other relevant instruments of the Commission in the judicial
decision-making process.
Right to Life (Article 4 of the African Charter)
41. The Delegation learned that Namibia abolished the death penalty in 1990 and
noted no challenges to implementing the right to life.
Prohibition and Prevention of Torture and Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment
or Punishment in Africa (Article 5 of the African Charter)
42. The Delegation learned that although Article 8 of the Constitution prohibits torture
or cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment or punishment, no law in the country
defines “torture” or separately classifies it as a crime.
43. The Delegation was informed that as part of its efforts to combat acts of torture, in
2016, the Ombudsman developed a Prevention of Torture Training Manual for
Police Officers. The objectives of the manual are to provide trainees with an
overview of how the concept of torture prevention arose, to explain the principles
of human rights as the basis to prevent torture, and to provide trainees with an
overview of the prevention of torture principles, under the Namibian human
rights context.
44. The Delegation also noted Namibia’s ratification of the Convention Against
Torture (CAT) but expressed concern that Namibia has yet to ratify the OPCAT.
14
The African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights
31 Bijilo Annex Layout, Kombo North District,
West Coast Region Gambia
Phone: (220) 230 4361 Fax: (220) 441 05 04
Email: au-banjul@africa-union.org
https:/achpr.au.int/
45. The Delegation also expressed concern that Namibia has not yet established a fully
functional, practical, and independent National Preventive Mechanism (NPM), as
required under the Protocol, to ensure independent oversight of places of
detention for purposes of preventing torture, cruel, inhuman or degrading
treatment or punishment.
46. On Anti-Torture measures taken by the Government, the Delegation learned that
the Government has considered the ratification of the OPCAT; however, in the
meantime, the country does not have the necessary capacity to meet the obligations
of the Optional Protocol; and will reconsider the possibility to ratify the Protocol
once the domestic legislative framework is finalised and operationalised.
47. The Delegation learned that the main obstacles are economic, infrastructural, and
human resources, which must be improved to implement the obligations under
the Optional Protocol. The Delegation was informed that Namibia is finalising
domestic legislation on the prohibition of torture and the anti-torture Bill. This Bill
was previously tabled in Parliament and withdrawn to address policy issues. The
Bill was re-submitted to the Cabinet Committee on Legislation and is currently
with the Attorney-General for certification.
48. In the absence of a specific law criminalizing torture (and other forms of cruel,
inhuman, or degrading treatment or punishment as applicable), the Delegation
learned that perpetrators of this offence are charged and prosecuted under the
common law offences of Assault with intent to do Grievous Bodily Harm (GBH)
and attempted murder. Similarly, these offences are listed as severe offences under
schedule I of the Criminal Procedure Act, 1977 (Act No. 51 of 1977) and under
other legal frameworks such as; section 2 of the Combating of Rape Act, 2000 (Act
No. 8 of 2000); section 2 of the Combating of Domestic Violence Act, 2003 (Act
No. 4 of 2003); Section 228 (1) of the Child Care and Protection Act, 2015 (Act
No.3 of 2015); the Combatting of Traffic in Persons Act, 2018 (Act No. 1 of 2018);
the Labour Act, 2007 (Act No. 11 of 2007); Section 56 (1) of the Basic Education
Act 2020 (Act No. 3 of 2020); and the Married Person Equality Act, 1996 (Act No.
1 of 1996).
49. The Delegation was informed that Section 228 (1) of the Child Care and Protection
Act expressly outlaws corporal punishment in the homes, which means that
parents and guardians or any person in control of a child must respect the child’s
constitutional right to dignity.
50. The Delegation was also informed that the office of the Ombudsman, together with
the Office of the Inspector General of the Namibian Police and the Office of the
15
The African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights
31 Bijilo Annex Layout, Kombo North District,
West Coast Region Gambia
Phone: (220) 230 4361 Fax: (220) 441 05 04
Email: au-banjul@africa-union.org
https:/achpr.au.int/
Prosecutor General, is tasked to impartially investigate all allegations of torture
and ill-treatment by State Agencies, as well as private entities and all individuals,
to ensure that victims of human rights violation are protected, and offenders are
brought to justice.
51. The Delegation learned that when an alleged victim of torture lays a complaint,
they are advised by the Ombudsman to open a criminal case under the common
law offences of Assault GBH and attempted murder. A case docket will then be
opened, and the matter will be referred to a competent investigating officer for
further investigations and possible prosecution of the offender. In cases of police
brutality, the case, upon the recommendation of the Ombudsman, is referred to
the Office of the Inspector General of the Namibian Police for further
investigations and possible prosecution of that member or members before a
competent court.
52. Regarding the right to rehabilitation for victims of torture in Namibia, the
Delegation learned that there is no specific law in place. However, civil claims and
compensation for damages sought by a torture victim are instituted in the Lower
and High Courts in terms of their respective legislation on civil procedure. Any
victim can approach any Government health facility to seek treatment.
Prisons and Conditions of Detention
53. The Delegation was informed that in terms of the Namibian Correctional Service,
there is a six-monthly Basic Correctional Service Training Curriculum for newly
recruited officers, which covers the Namibian Constitution, human rights, and UN
Standard Minimum Rules on the Treatment of Prisoners (Nelson Mandela Rules).
54. The Delegation noted that the Namibian Correctional Service has not
disseminated or incorporated the Robben Island Guidelines. However, it has
adopted the Nelson Mandela Rules, which reflect similar provisions to those in the
Robben Island Guidelines.
55. The Delegation also noted that from the perspective of the Namibian
Correctional Service, inmates in correctional facilities receive three meals per day
prepared according to a Dietary Menu that a qualified Dietician approved. The
Menu provides a balanced diet and adequate food, including special diets for
inmates with various health conditions, such as diabetes and those on ARV
treatment.
16
The African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights
31 Bijilo Annex Layout, Kombo North District,
West Coast Region Gambia
Phone: (220) 230 4361 Fax: (220) 441 05 04
Email: au-banjul@africa-union.org
https:/achpr.au.int/
56. Regarding medical services, the Delegation learned that all correctional facilities
have clinics operated by Medical officers, nurses, special programs, and
pharmacists. The Delegation was also informed that adequate food supply to
inmates is reflected in the Strategic Plan of the Namibian Correctional Service and
the Annual Plan of the responsible Directorate (Logistics and Administration). In
addition, the Namibian Correctional Service has a food production strategy to
ensure food self-sufficiency. It can supply maize meal, bread, and pork from its
produce.
57. Regarding how often the places of detention and prisons are inspected, including
in the State’s intelligence and security services, the Delegation was informed that
the Correctional Service Act, 2012 (Act No. 9 of 2012) makes provision for Visiting
Justices to visit correctional facilities and conduct inspection as well as interview
inmates on corrective services, institutional management and conditions of
imprisonment. In addition, Judges of the High Court, Magistrates, Members of
Parliament, and the Ombudsman regularly visit correctional facilities under this
provision.
58. Furthermore, the Delegation noted that the Namibian Correctional Service also
has a Directorate composed of Performance Assurance, Monitoring, and
Evaluation responsible for the annual inspection of correctional facilities.
59. Regarding overcrowding of prisons and improving the prisoners' detention
conditions, the Delegation learned that the Namibian Correctional Service does not
necessarily face a problem of overcrowding. However, despite the large
population density, the Delegation noted no correctional facility in the northern
regions. This leads to potential overcrowding in correctional facilities in
neighbouring areas.
60. The Delegation was informed that, unlike the practice in other jurisdictions, the
Namibian Correctional Service only has responsibility for convicted and sentenced
inmates. Prisoners remanded and awaiting trial are under the custody of the police
in Police Holding Cells. However, in very few cases, at-risk remand prisoners
awaiting trial may be under the custody of the Namibian Correctional Service. This
leads to acute overcrowding in police Holding Cells and, in some cases, very
unsanitary conditions.
61. The Delegation was informed that the Namibian Correctional Service has
implemented Community Service Orders to reduce the inmate population. It has
thus far implemented the Community Service Orders concept to 46 Courts out of
17
The African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights
31 Bijilo Annex Layout, Kombo North District,
West Coast Region Gambia
Phone: (220) 230 4361 Fax: (220) 441 05 04
Email: au-banjul@africa-union.org
https:/achpr.au.int/
the total 71 Courts in the country, with plans to roll out to 5 Courts within the
subsequent quarter (July to September 2023).
62. The Delegation also learned that the Capital Projects Five Year Strategic Plan
proposes constructing two more correctional facilities within the next five years
(Oluno Correctional Facility and Windhoek Correctional Facility). The purpose is
mainly to have correctional facilities that adhere to the principles of human rights
and the Offender Risk Management Correctional Strategy, adopted by the
Namibian Correctional Service in 2010. Despite the large population density, it is
also meant to address the non-availability of correctional facilities in the northern
regions.
63. Regarding whether there is special treatment of vulnerable groups in prisons,
particularly women, pregnant women and those with children, persons affected
by HIV, and people with disabilities, the Delegation was informed that in the
Namibian Correctional Service, women inmates are held separately from male
inmates. Pregnant women receive the same health treatment as those in the public.
Women with children are kept in separate cells, each with their children.
Regarding inmates with HIV, the Delegation was told that confirmed positive
cases are provided special high-protein meals, while those with severe symptoms
are housed at the facilities’ sickbays.
64. Regarding medical facilities provided to detainees and measures taken to
improve detainees’ health condition in custody, the Delegation learned that all
correctional facilities have clinics operated by healthcare personnel such as
Doctors, Nurses, Health Programme Officers, and Pharmacists. The Namibian
Correctional Service healthcare is also provided, in line with the Namibian
Correctional Service Health Policy, which was developed in collaboration with the
United Nations Organisation on Drugs and Crime.
65. On the prevalence rate of HIV/AIDS in prisons and whether prisoners living
with HIV/AIDS have access to anti-retroviral drugs, the Delegation learned that
the prevalence rate amongst inmates in the Namibian Correctional Service is 2.1%.
As of 31st March 2023, the prevalence in numbers was (Male: 507); (Female: 38).
Concerning measures to curb the spread of HIV/AIDs in prisons, the Delegation
was informed about HIV testing and linkage to care, HIV Medication (ARV); Post
Exposure Prophylaxis (PEP) to those that are exposed to HIV risk; Condom
provision on release; and Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision (VMMC).
66. On recreational and rehabilitation programs facilities for prisoners, the
Delegation learned that rehabilitation programs for inmates are delivered by the
18
The African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights
31 Bijilo Annex Layout, Kombo North District,
West Coast Region Gambia
Phone: (220) 230 4361 Fax: (220) 441 05 04
Email: au-banjul@africa-union.org
https:/achpr.au.int/
Offender Risk Management Correctional Strategy (ORMCS). This evidence-based
strategy comprises risk and needs assessment, placement in responsive
rehabilitation programs, case management, unit management, and security
classification. The ORMCS also makes provision for delivering programs and case
management by qualified psychological counsellors and social workers. The
strategy is complemented by teachers, artisans, vocational structures, religious
officers, etc. In addition, the psychosocial rehabilitation programs are
supplemented by recreational activities such as sports, arts and crafts, and other
support programs such as educational and vocational training.
67. Concerning requirements for Institutions and CSOs to visit prisons and places of
detention and visitation rights of prisoners, the Delegation learned that sentenced
inmates are visited on Fridays to Sundays. In contrast, un-sentenced or remand
detainees are seen Mondays to Thursdays. The time for visits is between 08h00 and
15h00. In addition, NGOs are allowed to visit correctional facilities on request and
approval.
Field visits
Windhoek Klein Correctional Centre (Female)
68. The Delegation visited the Female Correctional Center in Windhoek, with a
Facility capacity of 170. The inmate population was 116 adults and five infants
during the visit.
69. Prevalent offences include 45 Murder; 13 theft, 9 fraud; 8 dealing with drugs, 8
obstructing the course of justice, eight assault GBH, and 7 rape cases.
70. The Delegation observed that there were 5 Management services, Chaplaincy
services, and Medical Services with nursing personnel (1 Registered Nurse, 1
Enrolled Nurse, and 2 Health Assistants). The Delegation also noted that a Clinic
at the facility operates daily, including weekends and public holidays. For
secondary and tertiary Medical care, referrals are made to State hospitals.
71. The Delegation also observed that the Centre was still following COVID-19
Protocols at the entrance, and there was a declaration of contraband. The
environment was spotless, with a clean kitchen and utensils; well-ventilated rooms
usually accommodate four inmates. At the time of the visit, however, there were 5
inmates per room due to fumigation of parts of the facility.
19
The African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights
31 Bijilo Annex Layout, Kombo North District,
West Coast Region Gambia
Phone: (220) 230 4361 Fax: (220) 441 05 04
Email: au-banjul@africa-union.org
https:/achpr.au.int/
72. The Delegation noted that inmates were allowed to bring their television, and there
are rehabilitation and vocational programs, including tailoring, arts and crafts
(basket weaving), and baking. However, the Delegation noted no recreational
facilities for the inmates.
73. The Delegation spoke with some inmates, who expressed various challenges,
including needing more counselling sessions to deal with psychological problems.
The Delegation noted cases of murder, drugs, and trafficking of persons.
74. The overall impression of the Delegation is that the female detention facility
seemed very modern and up-to-date regarding best practices on detention
conditions for women, except that there are no recreational facilities, nurseries, or
educational facilities for toddlers.
Male Windhoek Correctional Facility
75. The Delegation also visited the Male Windhoek Correctional Facility, which was
highly secured with no contact visits. The Delegation noted isolation cells, a
recreational facility, access to phones with a time limit, a kitchen with the inmates
baking fresh bread and cooking, and medical services.
76. The Delegation noted that the Facility was overcrowded, old, and required
reconstruction/renovation.
Police Holding Cells
77. The Delegation noted that the convicted persons in the Correctional Centres were
in better condition than persons in the Holding Cells, which were overcrowded at
the time of the visit. Specifically, the Delegation noted small cells with some
inmates still awaiting trial for one year, four months, fourteen days, two months,
and three months, respectively. The Delegation expressed concerns that people
may stay for an unduly long period in the custody of the police until conviction
and sentencing.
78. Challenges expressed by some of the inmates include the limited provision of
water; no testing for COVID-19 and screening for HIV/AIDs, leading to exposure;
no medical facility or medical inspection; and a non-nutritional diet (meat and Pap,
almost every day).
20
The African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights
31 Bijilo Annex Layout, Kombo North District,
West Coast Region Gambia
Phone: (220) 230 4361 Fax: (220) 441 05 04
Email: au-banjul@africa-union.org
https:/achpr.au.int/
79. Generally, the Delegation noted a need to review the system, as there is a
concentration of power and authority in the hands of the police, which could also
increase allegations of torture.
80. Furthermore, the Holding Cells are not equipped to keep women for too long,
and there is no facility for women, babies, or pregnant women. The conditions
seemed very unsanitary, with inmates sleeping on bare mattresses on the floor.
Freedom of Expression and Access to Information (Article 9 of the African Charter)
81. The Delegation learned that the Constitution of Namibia guarantees freedom of
expression, including for members of the press and media. The Delegation also
learned that the Government established an Information Commission, which will
be functional by the end of 2023, and appointed an Independent Media
Ombudsman to regulate the affairs of the media. Furthermore, the Delegation was
informed that there is media freedom, with Namibia ranking No.1 in Africa and
24th globally.
82. The Delegation noted the country's lack of laws on access to information, Whistleblower protection, hate speech, cyber-harassment, and data protection.
Freedom of Association and Peaceful Assembly (Articles 10 and 11 of the African
Charter)
83. The Delegation was informed that Namibia's Constitution recognises the citizens'
freedom to association and assemble peacefully and without arms. Concerns were
raised about the 1989 Public Gatherings Proclamation, which imposes
requirements on the planning of public gatherings, as it requires written advance
notification, and failure to do so results in punishment by fine or imprisonment.
84. Stakeholders expressed concerns about violence meted out to protesters and clamp
down by the police on youths who had planned to protest against youth
unemployment on Independence Day. They argued that the right to protest was
denied, and in the process of dispersing the crowd, there were allegations of undue
force by the police.
21
The African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights
31 Bijilo Annex Layout, Kombo North District,
West Coast Region Gambia
Phone: (220) 230 4361 Fax: (220) 441 05 04
Email: au-banjul@africa-union.org
https:/achpr.au.int/
Freedom of Movement, Internally Displaced Persons, Protection of Refugees, and
Stateless Persons (Article 12 of the African Charter)
85. The Delegation was informed that Namibia has a designated resettlement place
established to receive refugees, primarily from other African countries, and a
health facility was set up within the premises of the resettlement area to provide
health services to refugees.
86. Specifically, the Delegation noted that Namibia hosts thousands of asylum seekers
and refugees residing in the Osire Refugee Settlement, located in Osire, between
Otjiwarongo and Gobabis. It was also noted that while the Government has
established a system to protect the rights of refugees, asylum seekers, and stateless
persons, they are not permitted to move freely within the country, and those
residing in the settlement are required to obtain an exit permit to leave, which
restricts their freedom of movement.
87. the Delegation also noted challenges concerning birth registration and other civil
registration processes that may contribute to statelessness.
88. The Delegation learned that cognizant of the vulnerability of refugees, Namibia
adopted the Refugee Recognition and Control Act, Act No. 2 of 1999, to provide
for the recognition and control of refugees. The Act was also enacted to
operationalize some provisions of the United Nations Convention Relating to the
Status of Refugees of 28 July 1951, the Protocol Relating to the Status of Refugees
(31 January 1967), and the Organization of African Unity Convention Governing
the Specific Aspects of Refugee Problems in Africa (10 September 1969).
The Right of Citizens to participate in politics (Article 13 of the African Charter)
89. The Delegation was informed that the Namibian Constitution guarantees political
rights for all. However, it was noted that some marginalized groups in the
community, including the San Ethnic Group, did not have access to political
participation. Concerns were also raised about difficulties encountered by
marginalised communities in obtaining government identification cards due to
lack of birth certificates or other identification, thus, impeding their social,
economic, and political rights to participation.
22
The African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights
31 Bijilo Annex Layout, Kombo North District,
West Coast Region Gambia
Phone: (220) 230 4361 Fax: (220) 441 05 04
Email: au-banjul@africa-union.org
https:/achpr.au.int/
The Right to Land and Housing
90. The Delegation learned that the fundamental rights and freedoms guaranteed in
Chapter 3 of the Namibian Constitution are fully enforceable by the superior
courts. Regrettably, most internationally recognized economic, social, and cultural
rights are not guaranteed in the Namibian Constitution as rights per se. Instead,
these rights are relegated to mere policy aspirations in the form of unenforceable
directive principles of State policy in Article 95 of the Namibian Constitution.
91. The Delegation was informed that 70% of the Namibian population live in shacks,
and there are many homeless people with dwellings but no formal houses. The
Delegation also learned about the increasing incidence of eviction of long-term
farm workers who had been living and working on such land over generations,
resulting in homelessness.
92. Furthermore, the Delegation was informed that, in 2018, the Namibia Statistics
Agency revealed that white Namibians and foreigners own 27 million hectares of
the available 39 million hectares (i.e., 70.1% of freehold agricultural (commercial)
land in the country). In October 2018, the government, with the involvement of
CSOs and other stakeholders, convened the 2nd National Land Conference, which
adopted 60 resolutions after a critical review of land reform since independence.
In 2019, the President appointed a Presidential Commission of Inquiry into the
Claims of Ancestral Land Rights and Restitution as part of the outcomes of the 2nd
National Land Conference. The Commission’s report was released in January 2021.
However, progress in the implementation of the Report has been plodding.
Right to Employment
93. The Delegation was informed that the Constitution of Namibia recognises
the right of individuals to be free from forced labor unless it is required as a
consequence of a sentence or order by a court. The minimum wage is
regulated under the 2007 Labour Act, and the Minister for Labour has the
power to issue wage orders to decide the remuneration and working
conditions for employees in a particular industry or area after considering
the recommendations of the Wage Commission.
23
The African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights
31 Bijilo Annex Layout, Kombo North District,
West Coast Region Gambia
Phone: (220) 230 4361 Fax: (220) 441 05 04
Email: au-banjul@africa-union.org
https:/achpr.au.int/
94. The Delegation noted the country's alarmingly high youth unemployment
rate and challenges in addressing the number of street children and their
reintegration into schools. This alarming number has a negative impact on
the right to primary education.
95. The Delegation learned that Namibia's unemployment has been consistently high
for over a decade. The last official figures are from 2018, when the overall
unemployment rate stood at around 33%, while youth unemployment was close
to 50%. With tens of thousands of young job seekers entering the labor market
yearly, this figure has undoubtedly risen, particularly during the COVID-19 crisis,
from 2020-2022.
96. The Delegation was informed that Namibia’s overall unemployment rate is
estimated at 40-45% and over 50% among the youth.
Right to Health and Access to Health Care
97. The Delegation was informed that access to adequate health care and services,
including sexual and reproductive health and related information, remains
challenging, especially in rural areas. This is exacerbated by conditions of extreme
poverty and evidenced by the alarming rate of child/infant and maternal
mortality.
Maternal and neonatal health services
98. The Delegation was informed that Maternal and neonatal health services in
Namibia are provided through the Reproductive Health Program as components
of Primary Health Care.
99. The Delegation learned that various management structures and initiatives have
been established at the national and regional levels to coordinate these programs,
including the Maternal, New-born, and Child Health Management Committee,
Technical Working Groups, Maternal and Perinatal Death Review Committee
(RMNCH) Scorecard and campaign for accelerated maternal mortality reduction.
A Child Survival Strategy has also been developed, and neonatal mortality rate,
infant mortality rate, and under-5 child mortality have all declined over the last
five years.
24
The African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights
31 Bijilo Annex Layout, Kombo North District,
West Coast Region Gambia
Phone: (220) 230 4361 Fax: (220) 441 05 04
Email: au-banjul@africa-union.org
https:/achpr.au.int/
Health financing
100. The Delegation was informed that Namibia’s healthcare system combines
public and private financing. The public system provides services to most of the
population. It is predominantly funded through general taxation, while the private
healthcare system, which offers comprehensive or partial healthcare coverage, is
mainly financed through employee and employer contributions. Namibia spends
approximately 7% of its national budget on health and social services, generally
the highest expenditure after education.
101. The Delegation learned that the Ministry of Health and Social Services
(MoHSS) is the leading implementer and provider of public health services, with
a four-tier system: outreach points to clinics and health centers, district hospitals,
and intermediate and referral hospitals. Faith-based organizations and civil
societies also provide health services in the regions for the MoHSS on an
outsourcing basis.
Nutrition program
102. The Delegation was informed that key strategies implemented by the Nutrition
Program include maternal, infant, and young child nutrition, growth monitoring,
and nutrition promotion, including the Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative. The
Micronutrient program focuses on vitamin A supplementation, salt iodization, and
iron/folate supplementation to reduce micronutrient deficiencies.
103. The Delegation learned that to respond to the increased reports of stunting and
severely malnourished children, the MoHSS has trained 251 Community Health
Workers (CHWs) who are now supporting caregivers of infant and young child
feeding practices as well as growth monitoring and promotion in all 14 regions.
Sexual reproductive health
104. The Delegation was informed that the goal of the National Policy on Sexual,
Reproductive, and Child Health (2013) is to attain the highest possible standard of
sexual, reproductive, and child health by providing equitable, accessible, and
affordable health and nutrition information and services. One of the Policy’s
guiding principles is “non-discrimination and gender equality.”
25
The African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights
31 Bijilo Annex Layout, Kombo North District,
West Coast Region Gambia
Phone: (220) 230 4361 Fax: (220) 441 05 04
Email: au-banjul@africa-union.org
https:/achpr.au.int/
105. The Delegation learned that Namibia has also started integrating services to
improve efficiencies. For example, the Epako Clinic in Gobabis was a successful
pioneer in becoming one of the first integrated clinics for HIV and sexual
reproductive health, introducing the ‘one nurse, one patient, one room’ model.
106. The Delegation learned that the right to Abortion is restricted in terms of the
Abortion and Sterilization Act 1975. Under Section 3 of the Act, it is limited to
pregnancies that result from rape or incest; and where the pregnancy poses a threat
to the physical and mental health of the mother and child, subject to the certificate
by a medical practitioner.
107. The Delegation was informed that the Deputy Minister of Health and Social
Services tabled a motion in the National Assembly to jumpstart a national
discussion on legislative reform on abortion. The Parliamentary Committees on
Constitutional and Legal Affairs held public meetings on abortion in 2021. The
Delegation learned that the Government will continue with stakeholder
consultations on possible reform to the Abortion and Sterilization Act, 1975 (Act
No. 2 of 1975).
Right to Education
108. The Delegation was informed that Compulsory education starts at the primary
education level at the age of 6. Primary education consists of 7 years, from Grade
1 to Grade 7, to prepare children for secondary education. The Delegation learned
that the Namibian Government introduced free primary education in 2013.
109. The Delegation noted that some stakeholders expressed the lack of education
facilities as a serious concern. The concerns related to dilapidated education
facilities in rural communities and poor urban settlements which are not conducive
physically and mentally to learning. The limited access to education for poor
communities, especially marginalized groups and people from informal
settlements, was also concerning, compounded by a need for more data and
statistics relating to enrolment rates.
110. The Delegation noted that, according to the 2020 Namibia Higher Education
Statistical Yearbook, among the total of 66 656 students enrolled in higher
education programs in 2020, female students represented 66 percent, which
amounted to 43,941. Likewise, the number of female students in higher education
was 43,941, almost twice that of their male counterparts, 22,715. The 2022 Global
26
The African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights
31 Bijilo Annex Layout, Kombo North District,
West Coast Region Gambia
Phone: (220) 230 4361 Fax: (220) 441 05 04
Email: au-banjul@africa-union.org
https:/achpr.au.int/
Gender Gap Report further placed Namibia among the highest-ranked African
countries in educational attainment.
Rights of Women, Children, Older Persons, and Persons with Disabilities
Women
111. The Delegation noted that as a signatory to the Maputo Protocol, Namibia has
ongoing programs to protect women's rights. Several Governmental and nongovernmental initiatives promote gender equality and female empowerment.
Women's rights are also enshrined in the Namibian Constitution. Furthermore, the
Married Persons Equality Act, the Combating of Rape Act, and the Combating of
Domestic Violence Act are all designed to protect women's rights, particularly in
marital and domestic contexts.
112. Regarding health and reproductive rights, the Delegation noted that the
Namibian Government has implemented various health initiatives targeting
women. Ongoing public awareness campaigns on reproductive health and rights
include family planning, safe motherhood, and preventing and managing sexually
transmitted infections.
113. The Delegation learned that the MoHSS has developed a Clinical Handbook on
integrated services to survivors of sexual and GBV. All healthcare workers are
trained in the Handbook. This handbook is designed to help healthcare providers
respond appropriately through easy steps and suggestions, including awareness
about GBV; first-line support for intimate partner violence and sexual assault;
additional clinical care after sexual assault, including emergency contraception;
additional support for mental health; and intimate partner violence and family
planning.
114. Moreover, the Delegation noted that programs have been implemented in
economic empowerment to increase women's access to economic resources. These
programs aim to reduce poverty and promote women's financial independence,
focusing on women in rural areas. For instance, the Government has introduced
microfinance and skills development programs for women, acknowledging their
crucial role in the national economy.
115. The Delegation learned that in its efforts to secure victim participation in
proceedings involving allegations of torture, the Government officially opened the
renovated victim-friendly court for GBV at the Windhoek Magistrates Court. This
27
The African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights
31 Bijilo Annex Layout, Kombo North District,
West Coast Region Gambia
Phone: (220) 230 4361 Fax: (220) 441 05 04
Email: au-banjul@africa-union.org
https:/achpr.au.int/
courtroom facility is an example of an institutional mechanism designed to
eradicate GBV, protect victims, and specifically ease the burden for victims
testifying in court. Victims are kept- physically separate from their abusers to
enable them to freely and openly testifying, without intimidation and without
causing unnecessary secondary trauma.
116. The Delegation also learned that to provide effective, comprehensive services
to victims of sexual and GBV, the Government, through the Ministry of Safety and
Security, established 17 GBV Protection Units in 14 regions that adopt a multisectoral approach. The critical ministries involved are Gender Equality and Child
Welfare, responsible for psycho-social support services; Safety and Security,
responsible for Protection Services; and Health and Social Services, responsible for
care and treatment services.
117. In addition, the Combating of Domestic Violence Act, 2003 (Act No. 4 of 2003)
allows complainants to apply for protection orders in cases of violence,
harassment, and threats of violence, including domestic violence. The protection
order may be sought at the same time as the criminal charges are laid. Protection
can also be obtained through the measures of civil- law procedures. In this
instance, the complainant obtains an interdict (a court order directing a perpetrator
to stop a particular behavior). Furthermore, media houses and police officials are
also prohibited from divulging the names of complainants. This is to protect the
privacy and identity of those needing protection.
118. On the current statistics of women in political positions and other leadership
positions in different sectors of Government and the private sector, the Delegation
learned that:
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
v.
55% of the Namibian executive branch (The President, Vice President,
Prime Minister, Deputy Prime Minister, Ministers, and Deputy
Ministers) positions are occupied by Women;
Women occupy 44% of the National Assembly seats, while women
occupy 14.3 % of the National Council seats;
Women occupy 26.4 % of Heads of Foreign Missions (Ambassadors and
High Commissioners);
There are 2 Lady justices seated in the Supreme Court; 36.4% of judges
of the High Court are women, and 59.3% of magistrates are women;
and
There are 12 female Chief Executive Officers of State-Owned
Enterprises, and a substantial number of women are leading the boards
28
The African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights
31 Bijilo Annex Layout, Kombo North District,
West Coast Region Gambia
Phone: (220) 230 4361 Fax: (220) 441 05 04
Email: au-banjul@africa-union.org
https:/achpr.au.int/
of state-owned enterprises as board members and board chairs. The
Board chair of the National Oil Company is a woman.
119.
Regarding harmful traditional practices in the country, the Delegation
was informed that there are reported child marriage cases and payment of
lobola/ dowry.
Children
120.
On the rights of children, the Delegation learned that the Namibian
Constitution recognizes children’s rights under Article 15. The Child Care and
Protection Act also aligns with the provisions of the African Children’s Charter
and the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC).
121.
The Delegation learned about the After-School Centre, which is a
Government initiative towards strengthening the social well-being of
Namibian Children. The Centre focuses explicitly on disadvantaged children,
such as children working and living on the streets and children from
economically challenged families and communities in Windhoek. The Centre
was born out of realizing the plight of the children working and living on the
streets of Namibia, and it’s fully administrated under the auspices of the
Ministry of Gender Equality, Poverty Eradication, and Social Welfare.
122.
The Delegation was informed that the objectives of the Centre, amongst
other things, are to strengthen the social well-being of Namibian Children;
equip children with life skills to cope with day-to-day challenges; reintegrate
children working and living on the streets and those from disadvantaged
backgrounds back with families and communities; provide early intervention
strategies aimed at keeping children off the streets; and provide Psycho-Social
Support Services (PSS) to all children accessing the facility.
123.
The Delegation was told that the Centre can cater to up to 500 children
at any time. These children are usually between 6 and 18, although some older
children also use the facilities. The Centre is also ideal for children with single
working parents who need someone to take care of the children after school.
Some of their activities include arts and crafts, sports (e.g., wrestling,
gymnastics, soccer, and Netball; cultural activities, music, drama; HIV/AIDs
Awareness Club; and computer class (basic).
29
The African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights
31 Bijilo Annex Layout, Kombo North District,
West Coast Region Gambia
Phone: (220) 230 4361 Fax: (220) 441 05 04
Email: au-banjul@africa-union.org
https:/achpr.au.int/
124.
The Delegation learned that the program aims to integrate street
children into formal and informal schooling. The children are integrated into
boarding schools and are provided with material support. During school
holidays and exit weekends, staff members of the MoHSS conduct regular
home visits to support the families and street visits to ensure that the children
do not go back to the streets.
125.
The Delegation was told that an Interim Night Shelter also admits
children between 6 and 18 years old. The Shelter provides various overnight
services, which are provided to the children while awaiting reintegration into
society (community, families, and educational institutions). The children also
benefit from all the activities offered at the Shelter.
126.
The Delegation was informed that the Income Generating Project was
created to assist the parents of street children. Parents can generate their income
by making use of the project. These, in turn, empower them to take care of their
children, thus preventing these children from going back to the streets. The
project also allows children to generate income at a lower level. This prevents
them from going to the streets and begging for money.
127.
The Delegation noted that Namibia is finalising the draft Child Justice
Bill after addressing long-standing policy issues about the age of criminal
responsibility and measures. The Bill is currently with the Legislative Drafters,
who are working with the Law Reform Directorate to align the draft Bill to the
Child Justice Policy. The Ministry of Justice intends to re-submit the Child
Justice Bill to the Cabinet Committee on Legislation before the end of 2023.
128.
While the Delegation noted national legislation and strategies to protect
the rights of children, including the National Agenda for Children (2018- 2022),
the Education Sector Policy for the Prevention and Management of Learner
Pregnancy (2009), the National Safe Schools Framework (2018), amongst
others, they however expressed concern about their implementation. The
Delegation notably raised concern about underreporting violence against
children, especially sexual violence. The Delegation learned that this is
informed by the fact that close relatives usually commit sexual violence, and
according to social norms, these cannot be reported for fear of retribution or
ostracisation.
30
The African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights
31 Bijilo Annex Layout, Kombo North District,
West Coast Region Gambia
Phone: (220) 230 4361 Fax: (220) 441 05 04
Email: au-banjul@africa-union.org
https:/achpr.au.int/
Older Persons and Persons with Disabilities
129.
The Delegation was informed that Article 10 of the Namibian
Constitution prohibits discrimination based on social and economic status but
does not explicitly list age as a prohibited ground of discrimination. In its
report on the status and living conditions of older people in Namibia, the
Ministry of Health and Social Services reported that an alarming 21 percent of
older persons had experienced physical abuse, 7 percent had experienced
sexual abuse, and 18 percent had been emotionally abused.
130.
The Delegation learned that the law does not restrict the rights of
persons with disabilities to participate in civic affairs. Still, access to public
venues is needed to ensure their ability to participate in civic life. Moreover,
the Government does not provide information and communication on
disability concerns in accessible formats. Due to this, societal discrimination
against people with disabilities remained prevalent.
Indigenous Populations and Communities
131.
The Delegation noted the lack of definition for ‘Indigenous Populations’
due to the Post-Apartheid regime and no national legislation specifically
recognising the rights of Indigenous people (otherwise referred to as
marginalised communities).
132.
The Delegation was informed that the Indigenous Peoples of Namibia
include the San, the Ovatjimba, Ovatue, and Ovahimba, and potentially several
other peoples, including the Damara (ǂNūkhoen) and Nama. Even though the
Constitution of Namibia prohibits discrimination on the grounds of ethnic or
tribal affiliation, no national legislation explicitly recognizes the rights of
indigenous people.
133.
The Delegation was informed that the Cabinet approved the Division
of Marginalised Communities (formally San Development Program. Cabinet
Decision No: 25th/29.11.05/001). It was established in 2005 by the Office of the
Prime Minister to cater to the needs of San communities living in deplorable
conditions and adverse poverty. In 2009, the Cabinet also approved the
inclusion of the Ovatue and Ovatjimba communities (Cabinet Decision No:
9th/28.05.09/005) due to their adversely challenging situations.
31
The African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights
31 Bijilo Annex Layout, Kombo North District,
West Coast Region Gambia
Phone: (220) 230 4361 Fax: (220) 441 05 04
Email: au-banjul@africa-union.org
https:/achpr.au.int/
134.
Hence, the program was renamed the “Directorate San Development
Program” within the Office of the Prime Minister. The Division was housed in
the Office of the Prime Minister, then in the Office of the President, and now in
the Presidency, under the Ministry of Gender Equality, Poverty Eradication,
and Social Welfare (MGEPESW), headed by a Member of Parliament (MP), as
a Deputy Minister of Marginalised Communities.
135.
The Delegation learned that the Government of Namibia, through the
MGEPESW, conducted a Situational Analysis of the Livelihood of Indigenous
Minorities in Namibia during the first and second quarters of 2022. A Cabinet
Committee on Land and Social Issues (CCLSI) commissioned the situational
analysis following its discussion of a draft White Paper on the Rights of
Indigenous Minorities in Namibia. The CCLSI further directed that MGEPESW
consults all different stakeholders who have been affected by the
recommendations of the Situational Analysis Report.
136.
The Delegation was informed that the MGEPESW had scheduled a twoday consultative workshop with all affected stakeholders, to be held on 22-23
June 2023, to discuss the recommendations of the Situational Analysis Report.
Subsequently, the Situational Analysis Report and Draft White Paper will be
presented to the CCLSI, Cabinet, and Parliament for deliberations. It is hoped
that this leads to the drafting of appropriate legislation to address the situation.
137.
In addition, the Delegation was told that the Ministry of Labour,
Industrial Relations and Employment Creation (MLIREC), through the
Employment Equity Commission, is at an advanced stage of finalising the
amendment of the Affirmative Action Act (Act 29 of 1998) to include the
Marginalised (San, Ovatue, and Ovatjimba) Communities, as designated
groups under Section 18 of the Act, for preferential treatment in terms of all
employment decisions.
138.
The Delegation noted that the MGEPESW, through the Division on
Marginalised Communities, continues to advocate for the full implementation
of the Inclusive Education Policy, whereby Grades 1-3 will be taught either
through the mother tongue or a predominant local language. Although the
Inclusive Education Policy encourages children to be taught in their mother
tongue in the early grades, including Early Childhood Development, this has
proven difficult because Indigenous Minorities’ languages are not
32
The African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights
31 Bijilo Annex Layout, Kombo North District,
West Coast Region Gambia
Phone: (220) 230 4361 Fax: (220) 441 05 04
Email: au-banjul@africa-union.org
https:/achpr.au.int/
documented. No curriculums are developed except for the Ju/hoasi language
in Tsumkwe East.
139.
The Delegation learned that to meet Namibia’s obligation to the
International Conventions, Instruments, and Protocols, the Government of
Namibia became part of the United Nations Permanent Forum on Indigenous
Issues, and representatives attend the Forum annually in New York to discuss
pertinent issues related to the rights of the Indigenous Minorities, in line with
the United Nations Declarations on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples
(UNDRIP).
140.
The Delegation noted that in addition to the Forum, Namibia
commemorates the International Day of the World Indigenous Peoples on the
9th of August yearly, mainly underscoring the rights of the Indigenous
Minorities. The Delegation was informed that most indigenous communities
participate in the celebration.
141.
The Delegation was informed that, through the Inter-Ministerial
Committee on Human Rights and Humanitarian Laws, Namibia had
submitted two reports (2013 and 2020, respectively) as part of the International
Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (ICERD).
142.
In bringing about any form of development to the Indigenous
Minorities, the Delegation was informed that the communities are consulted
and participate in the execution of projects and programs that affect them on
the principles of free, prior, and informed consent.
Extractive Industries and Environment
143.
The Delegation learned that oil and green hydrogen were discovered in
Namibia. Extractive Industry Transparency International is pushing for the
Government to join the Transparency Initiative to disclose information on
contract data and implement its main stipulations. This matter is currently
under consideration.
33
The African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights
31 Bijilo Annex Layout, Kombo North District,
West Coast Region Gambia
Phone: (220) 230 4361 Fax: (220) 441 05 04
Email: au-banjul@africa-union.org
https:/achpr.au.int/
RECOMMENDATIONS
I.
To the Namibian Government
144.
Whereas the Delegation commends the Government of Namibia for its
overall observance of the rule of law and democratic principles based on
respect for fundamental human and peoples right, considering the findings of
the Delegation, the Commission calls on the Government of Namibia to adopt
the following recommendations, to ensure more effective promotion and
protection of human rights in the country. More generally, to:
i.
ii.
iii.
Continue institutional reform efforts in various sectors of
Government to ensure sustainable development and lasting
peace;
Work with national and international development Partners to
provide human rights training to the Judiciary, Magistrates, and
Lawyers in the country, especially on the interpretation of
provisions of the African Charter, as well as other relevant human
rights instruments, in their judgments, as well as, the use of
Jurisprudence of the Commission, the African Court and the
African Committee of Experts on the Rights and welfare of the
Child in domestic cases; and
Develop Government policy on collecting relevant data and
reliable statistics related to various areas of human rights.
Monitoring the implementation of recommendations
145.
Follow up on and implement the recommendations made to it by
national institutions, regional and international bodies. Fast-track progress
toward the full operationalisation of the inter-ministerial committee for
monitoring the implementation of international obligations and commitments.
34
The African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights
31 Bijilo Annex Layout, Kombo North District,
West Coast Region Gambia
Phone: (220) 230 4361 Fax: (220) 441 05 04
Email: au-banjul@africa-union.org
https:/achpr.au.int/
Legislative and other measures to implement the provisions of the African Charter
146.
Expedite ratification of:
i.
The Protocol to the African Charter on Human and People’s
Rights on the Establishment of an African Court on Human and
People’s Rights;
The Protocol to the African Charter on Human and People’s
Rights on the Rights of Older Persons;
The Kampala Convention; and
OPCAT
ii.
iii.
iv.
147.
Also:
i.
ii.
Expedite the drafting and enactment of all pending laws for the
enjoyment of human rights in the country and
Implement the Repeal of Obsolete Laws Act of 2018, aimed at
repealing obsolete and outdated colonial laws in the country.
Promotion and protection of human rights
Prohibition of Torture and cruel, inhuman, and degrading treatment
i.
ii.
Expedite finalization and enactment of the prohibition of torture and
the anti-Torture Bill; and
Establish an independent oversight mechanism to investigate
allegations of torture and bring the perpetrators to justice.
Prisons, Conditions of Detention & Policing
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
v.
Develop recreational and educational programs and activities in the
Female Correctional Centre;
Expand the Female Correctional Centre to include nurseries or
educational facilities for toddlers;
Renovate or reconstruct the Male Correctional Centre to address
overcrowding;
Establish an Independent Police Oversight body to investigate
allegations of violations committed by the Police and other law
enforcement Officers;
Adopt alternative sentencing for petty crimes/offences, including
35
The African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights
31 Bijilo Annex Layout, Kombo North District,
West Coast Region Gambia
Phone: (220) 230 4361 Fax: (220) 441 05 04
Email: au-banjul@africa-union.org
https:/achpr.au.int/
vi.
vii.
viii.
ix.
x.
xi.
Community Orders, to reduce prison population;
Build dedicated Juvenile Facility or construct separate Units for Juvenile
Offenders to ensure they are separated from adults, in line with the UN
Convention on the Rights of the Child, the African Charter on the Rights
and Welfare of the Child, and other regional and international
standards;
Ensure that Juvenile Offenders have proper detention facilities to ensure
their rehabilitation and reintegration into society as responsible adults,
including educational and recreational facilities;
Fastrack the construction of an additional correctional facility in
Northern Regions to alleviate overcrowding in Oluno Correctional
Facility;
Consider an in-depth reform of the Police Holding Cells as the current
structure encourages concentration of powers to the police and is not
favorable for citizens awaiting trial, pregnant women, and women with
babies;
Ensure that new suspects are appropriately screened for HIV-AIDs and
COVID-19 to avoid contamination in the Holding Cells; and
Use the Luanda Guidelines on the Conditions of Arrest, Police Custody,
and Pre-trial Detention in Africa while training prison officers and
reviewing laws and policies relating to arrest, police custody, and pretrial detention.
Freedom of Association and Assembly
i.
ii.
iii.
Enact Legislation protecting human rights defenders in the country;
Recognize the status of human rights defenders or any person working
for the promotion and protection of human rights, as recommended in
the Grand Bay and Kigali Declarations and the UN Declaration on
Human Rights Defenders; and
Amend the 1989 Public Gatherings Proclamation, which imposes
requirements on the planning of public gatherings.
Freedom of Expression and Access to Information
i.
ii.
Protect the right to freedom of expression by reviewing the law
requiring police approval for peaceful protest and demonstrations;
Adopt Access to Information, Whistle-blower protection, and hate
speech laws as well as cyber-harassment or data-protection legislation
in line with the Commission’s Model law on Access to Information for
36
The African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights
31 Bijilo Annex Layout, Kombo North District,
West Coast Region Gambia
Phone: (220) 230 4361 Fax: (220) 441 05 04
Email: au-banjul@africa-union.org
https:/achpr.au.int/
iii.
iv.
Africa and the Declaration of Principles on Freedom of Expression in
Africa;
Investigate allegations of discrimination and hate speech; and
Ensure professional training of journalists, including ethics and human
rights training.
Rights of Refugees, Asylum Seekers, Migrants and Internally Displaced Persons
i.
Take measures to ensure freedom of movement by refugees and migrants in
the country.
The Right of Citizens to participate in politics
i.
Ensure inclusiveness in political participation, including marginalised groups
in the community, such as the San Ethnic Group.
Right to Housing
i.
ii.
iii.
Develop strategies and policies to address the incidences of
homelessness arising from the eviction of farm workers who have been
living and working on such land over generations;
Ensure people have access to low-cost housing, in particular, vulnerable
groups such as older people, persons with disabilities, women, and
children; and
Allocate adequate budget and resources required for urgently
implementing the Resolutions of the 2nd National Land Conference and
the Recommendations of the Presidential Commission of Inquiry into
Claims of Ancestral Land and Restitution.
Right to Employment
i.
ii.
Develop programs to alleviate poverty and provide employment
opportunities for the people of Namibia; and
Intensify initiatives to address youth unemployment in the country,
mainly providing life skills and professional training to the youth as
revenue for empowerment.
Right to Health and Access to Health Care
i.
Continue to take necessary steps to increase budget allocation to the
healthcare sector and services and
37
The African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights
31 Bijilo Annex Layout, Kombo North District,
West Coast Region Gambia
Phone: (220) 230 4361 Fax: (220) 441 05 04
Email: au-banjul@africa-union.org
https:/achpr.au.int/
ii.
Create a conducive environment to ensure the exercise of the right to
health for all citizens without discrimination, including people living in
rural areas.
Right to Education
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
v.
vi.
Take measures to increase the enrolment rate of children in school;
Include the African Human Rights System in the curriculum of schools
and, especially in Universities;
Provide adequate resources and ensure inclusiveness in schools with
facilities to allow access for persons with disabilities;
Ensure access to education for poor communities, especially
marginalized groups and people from informal settlements;
Promote sensitization campaigns to enable citizens to understand the
rights and benefits of education, especially as it relates to the girl child
and
Invest in teacher education and continuous training, school
infrastructure, and learning materials for all schools nationwide.
Rights of Women, Children, Older Persons, and Persons with Disabilities
Women
i.
ii.
Ensure the effective implementation of the laws and strategies
protecting women from GBV, including the Combatting of Domestic
Violence Act, amongst others, and devise strategies to influence
attitudinal change and cultural practices that perpetuate GBV;
and
Promulgate or publish the Bill on Domestic Violence in the official
gazette for public debate.
Children
i.
Develop strategies to influence attitudinal change and cultural practices that
perpetuate violence against children, especially by family members; provide
counselling services and reporting mechanisms for victims.
38
The African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights
31 Bijilo Annex Layout, Kombo North District,
West Coast Region Gambia
Phone: (220) 230 4361 Fax: (220) 441 05 04
Email: au-banjul@africa-union.org
https:/achpr.au.int/
Older Persons and Persons with Disabilities
i.
Adopt legislation that specifically addresses the rights of older persons
and persons with disabilities;
Adopt measures that prohibit discrimination against older persons and
persons with disabilities; and
Ensure that all public spaces are equipped to assist and are accessible to
persons with disabilities; in particular, construct user-friendly
establishments (including ramps and other features) to facilitate access
for people with physical disabilities.
ii.
iii.
Indigenous Populations and Communities
i.
Enact national legislation recognizing and protecting the rights of
indigenous/marginalized people in Namibia with an authoritative definition
highlighting their customs, beliefs, traditions, land, resources, and ethnic
heritage.
Extractive Industries and Environment
i.
II.
Set up international standards for resource governance and also put in place
legal and institutional measures to regulate the extractive process and ensure
citizens benefit from the approach, ensure that there is a value addition to the
country’s natural resources, and build capacities of the citizens to work at
different levels of the extractive process.
To other stakeholders
i.
CSOs and other stakeholders should continue their efforts to promote
and protect human rights in the country, working in collaboration with
the Government.
39
The African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights
31 Bijilo Annex Layout, Kombo North District,
West Coast Region Gambia
Phone: (220) 230 4361 Fax: (220) 441 05 04
Email: au-banjul@africa-union.org
https:/achpr.au.int/
Annex 1: Mission Program
PROGRAM
PROMOTION MISSION TO NAMIBIA
12 TO 16 JUNE 2023
Day 1 - Monday 12 June 2023
-
Courtesy visit to the Minister of Justice
Day 2- Tuesday 13 June 2023 (Country Club Resort at 9 a.m.)
-
Meeting with the Minister of Foreign Affairs
Meeting with the Ministry of Education
Meeting with the Ministry of Home Affairs & Immigration
Meeting with the Ministry of Health & Social Services
Meeting with the Ministry of Mines and Energy
Meeting with the Ministry of Information and Communications Technology
Ministry of Gender Equality, Poverty Eradication, and Social Welfare
Day 3- Wednesday, 14 June 2023 (Country Club Resort at 9 a.m.)
-
Meeting with the Society of Advocates of Namibia
Meeting with the National Society for Human Rights of Namibia
Meeting with the African Human Rights and Justice Protection Network
Meeting with the Media Institute for Southern Africa
Meeting with the Namibia Press Agency
Meeting with the Legal Assistance Centre
Institute for Public Policy Research (IPPR)
Namibia Revolutionary Transport Union (NARETU)
Metal Allied Namibian Workers Union (MANWU)
Meeting with FesMedia Africa
Namibian NGO Forum Trust
Civic +264
Other CSOs/NGOs
40
The African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights
31 Bijilo Annex Layout, Kombo North District,
West Coast Region Gambia
Phone: (220) 230 4361 Fax: (220) 441 05 04
Email: au-banjul@africa-union.org
https:/achpr.au.int/
Day 4, Thursday, 15 June 2023
-
Meeting with Official Opposition (Popular Democratic Movement)
Meeting with the Chief Justice
Meeting with UN Agencies (UNESCO; UNDP; UNICEF; UNFPA; WHO; and
UNCHR);
Meeting with the Office of the Ombudsman
Day 5- Friday 16 June 2023
- Meeting with the Commissioner-General of Correctional Service
- Field Visit to Windhoek Central Correctional Facility
- Visit Klein Windhoek Police Holding Cells
- Debriefing Lunch with the Honourable Minister of Justice
- Debriefing Meeting with the Honourable Minister of International Relations
and Cooperation and Deputy-Prime Minister
- Press Conference
END OF MISSION
***********************************
41
The African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights
31 Bijilo Annex Layout, Kombo North District,
West Coast Region Gambia
Phone: (220) 230 4361 Fax: (220) 441 05 04
Email: au-banjul@africa-union.org
https:/achpr.au.int/