REPORT OF THE PROMOTION MISSION TO THE REPUBLIC OF
SEYCHELLES
BY
HON. HONOURABLE COMMISSIONER SOLOMON AYELE DERSSO
AND
HONOURABLE COMMISSIONER HATEM ESSAIEM
10 to 14 MARCH 2025
In memoriam of the late Angelo William Jey Mayot
Considered during the 85th Ordinary Session
of the African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights
held in Banjul, The Gambia
From 7 – 17 October 2025 (Private-Virtual) and from 21 - 30 October 2025
(Public – Physical)
1|Page
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
1.0
INTRODUCTION
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
Composition of the Delegation
Terms of Reference
Previous Engagements between the Commission and Seychelles
Country Profile
Methodology
2.0
FINDINGS
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
2.7
2.8
2.9
2.10
2.11
2.12
2.13
2.14
2.15
2.16
2.17
2.18
2.19
Legislative and other measures to implement the provisions of the African
Charter
The right to life
The prohibition and prevention of torture
Prisons, conditions of detention and the Police
Access to justice and the Rule of Law
Transitional Justice and Reconciliation
Freedom of expression and access to information
Civil Society and Human Rights Defenders
Refugees, Asylum Seekers and migrants
The right to participate freely in Government
The right to employment
The right to health
The right to education
The rights of women
The rights of children
Persons with disabilities
Older persons
Indigenous populations and Minority Groups
Environment, Climate Change, and Extractive industries
3.0
RECOMMENDATIONS
ANNEX
•
Annex 1: Mission Program
2|Page
I.
ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS
ACCS
Anti-Corruption Commission of Seychelles
ARID
Association for Rights, Information and Democracy
African Charter
African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights
CEPF
Citizen Engagement Platform Seychelles
CDC
Communicable Disease Control
CSO
civil society organisations
Commission
African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights
HIV
human immunodeficiency virus
HDI
Human Development Index
LDS
Linyon Demokratik Seselwa
MPs
Members of the Parliament
NCDs
non-communicable diseases
SRH
sexual and reproductive health
STEM
Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics
TRNUC
Truth, Reconciliation and National Unity Commission
UNDP
United Nations Development Programme
UNODC
The United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime
3|Page
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights (the Commission) expresses
its profound gratitude to the Government of the Republic of Seychelles for authorizing
and facilitating this Promotion Mission, and for placing at the Delegation’s disposal
the facilities, support and personnel that ensured its success. Particular appreciation
is extended to the Minister of Foreign Affairs and Tourism, H.E. Sylvestre Radegonde
and to his colleagues for exemplary coordination throughout the visit.
The Commission further thanks the Honourable Ministers, Members of the National
Assembly, the Judiciary, the Seychelles Human Rights Commission, the Ombudsman,
the Truth, Reconciliation and National Unity Commission (TRNUC), independent
oversight institutions, civil society organisations, the Bar Association, media
representatives, international organisations and individuals who engaged candidly
with the Delegation.
The Commission is especially grateful to the management and staff of Montagne
Posée Prison, the Anse-Royale Elderly Home, and the Communicable Disease Control
Unit for facilitating site visits and open exchanges. The hospitality and constructive
spirit demonstrated by His Excellency President Wavel Ramkalawan are warmly
acknowledged. The Commission looks forward to continued engagement with all
stakeholders in Seychelles to advance human and peoples’ rights.
4|Page
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Pursuant to Article 45(1) of the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights (the
African Charter) and Rule 76(1) of its Rules of Procedure, the Commission undertook
a five-day Promotion Mission to the Republic of Seychelles from 10 to 14 March 2025,
authorized by the Government of Seychelles and led by Honorable Commissioner
Solomon Ayele Dersso (Country Rapporteur; Chairperson, Working Group on
Extractive Industries, Environment and Human Rights Violations in Africa) with
Honorable Commissioner Hatem Essaiem (Chairperson, Committee for the
Prevention of Torture in Africa). The Mission’s objectives and timing were publicly
announced by the Commission prior to departure and a concluding press statement
issued at the end of the visit.
The Delegation met a broad range of counterparts — Government Ministers, the
Judiciary, National Assembly leadership and opposition, national human rights
institutions, the Anti-Corruption Commission of Seychelles (ACCS), civil society, the
Bar Association, the media, the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC),
and persons deprived of liberty — and visited Montagne Posée Prison, the
Communicable Disease Control Unit, and the Anse-Royale Elderly Home.
Positive developments observed include: sustained political commitment to human
rights; institutional and legal reforms; independent oversight bodies; strong social
sectors (health, education, social protection); justiciable socio-economic and
environmental rights; measures on combatting trafficking in persons and protection
for migrant workers; robust maritime security; and steps to investigate serious
incidents (December 2023 explosion; December 2024 prison riots).
Key concerns include: non-ratification/domestication of certain AU instruments;
limitations affecting independence and resourcing of oversight bodies; absence of
domestic asylum law; delays in implementing TRNUC recommendations;
weaknesses in remand and legal aid systems; prison overcrowding, classification and
drug-use challenges; criminalisation of petty offences; potential chilling effects of the
Hate Speech Act on expression; constraints on access to information; migrant-worker
vulnerabilities; youth unemployment; reproductive-health gaps for girls; accessibility
barriers for persons with disabilities; and climate-change exposure with
environmental-governance gaps.
The report sets out targeted recommendations. These include: to ratify and
domesticate outstanding instruments; reinforce independent institutions and dueprocess safeguards; protect civic space, media freedom and access to information;
strengthen anti-corruption Commission, legal aid, and alternatives to remand;
improve prison management and rehabilitation; protect vulnerable groups; deepen
rights-based environmental governance and climate adaptation; and implement
TRNUC recommendations for justice, reparations and memory.
5|Page
1.0
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Composition of the Delegation
1. The Commission’s Delegation comprised the following:
• Honorable Commissioner Solomon Ayele Dersso, Commissioner Rapporteur
on the human rights situation in the Republic of Seychelles, and Chairperson
of the Working Group on Extractive Industries, Environment and Human
Rights Violations in Africa (Head of the Delegation).
• Honorable Commissioner Hatem Essaiem, Chairperson of the Committee for
the Prevention of Torture in Africa.
• The Mission was supported by Ms. Anita Bagona and Mr. Angelo William Jey
Mayot, from the Commission’s Secretariat.
1.2 Terms of Reference
2. During its Promotion Mission to the Republic of Seychelles from 10 to 14 March
2025, the Terms of Reference for the Mission were as follows:
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
v.
vi.
vii.
viii.
ix.
Promote the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights (the African
Charter), and other regional and international human rights instruments, as
well as soft law standards and guidelines adopted by the Commission;
Advocate for the ratification of outstanding regional and international human
rights instruments that have not yet been ratified by the Republic of Seychelles;
Strengthen collaboration between the Commission and the authorities of the
Republic of Seychelles in relation to the promotion and protection of rights
guaranteed under the African Charter and other relevant international
instruments;
Engage in dialogue with the Government of Seychelles on legislative and other
measures taken to implement the African Charter and other ratified
instruments;
Raise awareness and visibility of the Commission’s mandate and work,
especially among relevant Government departments, national institutions, and
Civil Society Organisations (CSOs);
Exchange views and gather information on the exercise and protection of the
right to freedom of expression and access to information in Seychelles;
Gather relevant information on the situation of vulnerable groups in
Seychelles, including: women, children, asylum seekers, refugees, internally
displaced persons, migrants, older persons, persons with disabilities, persons
in detention, indigenous populations/communities, minorities, and persons
living with or affected by HIV/AIDS;
Understand the level of enjoyment of economic, social, and cultural rights in
Seychelles, and assess the Government’s efforts to fulfil this category of rights;
Evaluate the impact of HIV/AIDS on the population, and the rights of people
living with HIV/AIDS, those at risk, vulnerable, or affected, including progress
made and existing challenges;
x.
xi.
xii.
xiii.
xiv.
xv.
•
xvi.
xvii.
Gather information on the implementation of the Robben Island Guidelines –
the Commission’s Guidelines and Measures for the Prohibition and Prevention
of Torture, Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment in Africa;
Engage with stakeholders on the role and impact of extractive industries in
Seychelles, including their environmental impact and implications for human
rights protections;
Gather information on the situation of human rights defenders and assess the
challenges they face in the exercise of their rights and the conduct of their work;
Meet with representatives of national human rights institutions and CSOs
involved in human rights promotion and protection;
Visit places of detention, particularly Montagne Posée Prison, and hold
discussions with prison authorities and other stakeholders on issues relating to
detention conditions and prison administration;
Visit other institutions or facilities that have a direct impact on the enjoyment
of human rights in Seychelles, including homes for the elderly or persons with
disabilities;
Advocate for the timely submission of Periodic Reports to the Commission in
accordance with Article 62 of the African Charter, and Article 26 of the Protocol
to the African Charter on the Rights of Women in Africa (Maputo Protocol);
Follow up on recommendations made by the Commission in the Report of its
previous Promotion Mission to Seychelles in April 2015;
Follow up on the recommendations made in the Concluding Observations
adopted by the Commission during its 39th Ordinary Session (11–25 May 2006)
following its review of Seychelles’ Initial Periodic Report submitted in June
2004 under the African Charter.
1.3 Previous Engagements between the Commission and Seychelles
3. The mission undertaken from 10 to 14 March 2025 was the second Promotion
Mission of the Commission to the Republic of Seychelles. Previously, the
Commission undertook a Promotion Mission to the Republic of Seychelles,
undertaken by Commissioner Yeung Kam John Yeung Sik Yuen from 06 to 10
April 2015.
4. The Commission also engaged with the Republic of Seychelles during its 39th
Ordinary Session, held from 11 to 25 May 2006 in Banjul, The Gambia, during
which it considered Seychelles’ Initial Periodic Report under Article 62 of the
African Charter, submitted in June 2004.
1.4 Country Profile
5. The Republic of Seychelles is an archipelagic state in the western Indian Ocean,
comprising 115 islands, located approximately 1,600 kilometers east of
mainland East Africa, off the coasts of Kenya and Tanzania. The capital,
Victoria, is situated on Mahé Island—the largest and most populous island.
6|Page
6. With a population of 120,581 (as of March 2024), Seychelles is the smallest
country in Africa by population and landmass (459 km²), but it boasts the
highest GDP per capita on the continent, estimated at USD 16,742 in 2023
(World Bank), classifying it as a high-income country.
7. The official languages are Seychellois Creole, English, and French, with Creole
spoken by approximately 95% of the population.
8. The President of the Republic, currently H.E. Wavel Ramkalawan, is both Head
of State and Government, elected through a direct popular vote. The President
is assisted by a Vice President and a Cabinet of Ministers.
9. Legislative power is vested in the unicameral National Assembly, composed of
35 members (26 directly elected and 9 proportional). The current Assembly is
led by Speaker Roger Mancienne, with a ruling majority held by the Linyon
Demokratik Seselwa (LDS) party since the 2020 elections.
10. The Judiciary is independent, as guaranteed by the Constitution. It consists of
the Supreme Court, the Court of Appeal, and various Subordinate Courts and
Tribunals, presided over by the Chief Justice, currently Rony Govinden, and
the President of the Court of Appeal, currently Mathilda Twomey.
11. Seychelles demonstrates strong human development indicators, with a Human
Development Index (HDI) of 0.802, ranking 67th globally (UNDP, 2024).
Literacy is at 96%, and unemployment stands at 3%. Social protection systems
include universal healthcare, education, and pensions.
1.5 Methodology
12. During the Mission, the Delegation of the Commission met with a wide range
of stakeholders including the following Senior Government Officials:
- Minister of Foreign Affairs and Tourism ;
- Minister of Internal Affairs;
- Minister of Education;
- Minister of Employment and Social Affairs;
- Minister of Agriculture, Climate Change and Environment;
- Minister of Health;
13. The delegation also met with the following:
- Members of the National Assembly;
- The Judiciary and Legal Practitioners;
- National Human Rights Institutions;
- The United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime;
- Representatives of Civil Society Organizations (CSOs);
- Members of the media and professional associations.
14. The Delegation also conducted visits to key institutions relevant for the
promotion and the protection of human rights in Seychelles, including:
7|Page
-
Montagne Posée Prison, where they engaged with both inmates and
correctional staff;
The Communicable Disease Control Unit, assessing healthcare access and
public health systems;
The Anse-Royale Elderly Home, to examine the status and care of older
persons.
15. The Mission concluded with a Press Conference hosted in Victoria, during
which the Delegation presented its preliminary findings and
recommendations, and engaged with national media to raise public awareness
of the Commission’s mandate and the purpose of the visit.
8|Page
2
FINDINGS
16. During the Mission, which lasted five (5) days, the Delegation observed that its
interactions with Government representatives, independent institutions, civil
society actors, media professionals, and other stakeholders were extensive and
constructive. These engagements allowed the Delegation to gather meaningful
insights on the human rights situation in the Republic of Seychelles.
17. The Delegation welcomed the high-level access and openness granted by the
Government, particularly the call to His Excellency President Wavel
Ramkalawan, and the substantive meetings held with various Ministers and
heads of institutions. The commitment shown by officials to engage on key
human rights matters was commendable.
18. In light of the above, the findings presented in this report are based solely on
the interviews conducted, institutional visits undertaken, and documents
accessed during the in-country phase of the Mission.
2.1.
Legislative and Other Measures to Implement the Provisions of the
African Charter
19.
The Delegation received comprehensive information on the constitutional and
legislative framework of Seychelles, which provides strong guarantees for civil,
political, economic, social, and cultural rights. The Constitution of Seychelles
enshrines fundamental freedoms and explicitly recognises socio-economic rights
and the right to a safe environment as justiciable. Authorities highlighted the
existence of robust social protection measures, including provisions on health,
education, employment, and social welfare, which collectively demonstrate
Seychelles’ intention to align national laws with its regional and international
obligations.
20.
The Delegation also noted recent legislative initiatives, such as the amendment
of the Electoral Law specifying election dates, and amendments to labour and
anti-trafficking legislation designed to reinforce protections for workers and
vulnerable groups.
21.
On the ratification of instruments, the Delegation commended Seychelles for
progress in acceding to several key regional and international human rights
treaties. Recent ratifications include the African Charter on Democracy, Elections
and Governance, the Convention on the Protection of All Persons from Enforced
Disappearance, and the Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the
Child on a Communications Procedure. Seychelles has also ratified nine of the
eleven core International Labour Organization conventions, including the
Domestic Workers Convention, underscoring its commitment to labour rights.
22.
However, the Delegation expressed concern that other African human rights
9|Page
instruments remain pending, including the Kampala Convention on Internally
Displaced Persons, the Protocol to the African Charter on the Rights of Older
Persons, the Protocol to the African Charter on the Rights of Persons with
Disabilities, the Protocol to the African Charter on Social Protection and Social
Security, the Protocol to the African Charter on the Specific Aspects of the Right
to a Nationality and the Eradication of Statelessness in Africa, and the Protocol
to the African Charter Establishing the African Court on Human and Peoples’
Rights. These gaps leave vulnerable groups without the full benefit of regional
protections.
23.
The question of domestication and implementation also arose in multiple
meetings. While Seychelles has ratified several instruments, stakeholders—
including the Ombudsman, SHRC, and civil society—stressed that effective
incorporation into domestic law remains uneven. A key example is the Refugee
Convention, which has not yet been domesticated, leaving asylum seekers
without a legal framework for recognition and assistance. The Delegation noted
that similar challenges affect the domestication of disability rights and older
persons’ rights, where the absence of legislation has created institutional
vacuums following the dissolution of statutory councils. The Attorney General’s
Office and Ministry of Foreign Affairs acknowledged capacity and resource
constraints in aligning national laws with treaty obligations but expressed
readiness to engage with the African Commission and other partners for
technical support.
24.
The Delegation also took note of effort made by the Government for the human
rights protection, notably through the establishment of different institutions,
including the Office of the Ombudsman and the Seychelles Human Rights
Commission. However, the Delegation was informed of some overlaps in
jurisdiction, particularly concerning complaints of human rights violations
committed by state officials, which can fall within the remit of both bodies. This
has occasionally resulted in institutional ambiguity and duplication of efforts,
underlining the need for clearer coordination mechanisms and referral
procedures between the two entities. Moreover, both institutions face constraints
in human and financial resources, which limit their ability to fully discharge their
mandates.
25.
On the response of the committees available within the National Assembly, the
delegation note that there is no committee dedicated to Human rights and social
affairs.
26.
Finally, the Delegation observed that periodic reporting under the African
Charter is overdue. Government representatives attributed delays to technical
and capacity challenges but expressed willingness to explore partnerships with
academic institutions and regional centres, to build capacity for timely reporting.
27.
The Delegation underscored that reporting is a cornerstone of constructive
dialogue with the African Commission and a key means of demonstrating
10 | P a g e
compliance with obligations under Article 62 of the Charter. It stressed the need
for Seychelles to establish a national reporting taskforce, drawing from
ministries, parliament, and national institutions, to prepare and submit overdue
reports and to systematise future compliance.
2.2.
The right to life
28. During its engagements, the Delegation heard repeated concerns regarding the
protection of the right to life, especially in the aftermath of the 5 December 2024
prison riot at Montagne Posée Prison and the 7 December 2023 explosion at the
Civil Construction Company Ltd. Families of victims, opposition members,
and civil society representatives highlighted the absence of timely and
transparent updates on these investigations. They stressed that the lack of
closure not only prolongs the suffering of families but also erodes public trust
in institutions charged with accountability.
29. Government authorities, for their part, acknowledged the sensitivity of these
incidents and confirmed that independent investigations are ongoing. Officials
from the Ministry of Internal Affairs and police authorities reassured the
Delegation that findings would be released by 15 May 2025, with a commitment
to ensuring accountability. The Delegation welcomed this pledge but observed
that previous delays and the absence of interim public reporting have fueled
speculation and undermined confidence.
30. The Delegation noted that credible accountability requires investigations to be
conducted in a manner that is independent, impartial, and expeditious, with
regular communication to affected families. It stressed that the obligation to
protect life under the African Charter and its General Comment No. 3 on the
right to life demands that any death in custody or during public order
operations must be promptly investigated, with perpetrators prosecuted where
evidence supports it. The Delegation encouraged Seychelles to pair these
investigations with a victim-centred approach, including information-sharing,
psychosocial support, and fair compensation mechanisms.
2.3.
The prohibition and prevention of torture
31. Meetings with the Ministry of Internal Affairs and the Police Academy revealed
ongoing efforts to embed human rights in law enforcement training, including
modules on the lawful use of force and the emphasis on non-lethal weapons.
The Human Rights Commission was also cited as having access to detention
facilities to conduct monitoring. Nevertheless, allegations of excessive use of
force in custody, particularly during and after the prison riots, were repeatedly
communicated to the Delegation by lawyers, detainees’ families, and civil
society organisations.
32. Officials explained that internal disciplinary and criminal investigations are
initiated where violations are alleged. However, stakeholders expressed
11 | P a g e
scepticism about the independence and transparency of these processes, noting
that outcomes are rarely communicated to the public or to complainants. This
fuels perceptions that accountability for ill-treatment is limited.
33. The Delegation recalled the Robben Island Guidelines, stressing that Seychelles
has an obligation to ensure independent oversight, prompt medical
documentation of injuries, and effective remedies for victims of ill-treatment. It
encouraged the authorities to strengthen complaints mechanisms by making
them accessible to detainees and their families, to increase transparency around
outcomes of disciplinary cases, and to systematically integrate human rights
standards into police and prison operating procedures.
2.4.
Prisons, conditions of detention and the Police
34. The Delegation visited Montagne Posée Prison and interacted with various
Officers, who provided relevant information on prisons and the conditions of
detention in Seychelles. The Delegation was also able to tour the prison to
inspect facilities and interact with inmates. Specifically, the Delegation was
informed that there were about 465 inmates across the country.
35. The Delegation was also informed of, and commended the provision of
nutritious meals and health care support for inmates and implementation of
rehabilitation measures, connecting qualified inmates to employment
opportunities, pathways for their reintegration back to society.
36. The visit to Montagne Posée Prison exposed systemic challenges. Stakeholders,
including the Bar Association and civil society, reported widespread drug
circulation, problem of infrastructure to promote the separation of accused
persons from convicted persons, and serious infrastructure deficits, such as
weak perimeter security and poor hygiene specially in male’s facilities. The
December 2024 riot, which resulted in the loss of lives, was attributed in part to
these structural weaknesses. Prison authorities confirmed that investigations
were underway and reiterated their commitment to rehabilitation measures,
such as methadone substitution and a new resettlement programme, which has
seen increased participation since the riot.
37. The Delegation also noted significant shortcomings in the legal aid system.
Current compensation rates for lawyers are set below operating costs, which
discourages quality representation and leaves many indigent detainees
without effective defence. As a result, numerous detainees remain in prolonged
pre-trial detention without timely access to legal assistance.
38. The Delegation noted and appreciated the accommodation provided for
women, as well as the adequate room for women with infants. However, the
Delegation learned the existing policy in Seychelles that mandates the
separation of infants from their mothers at the age of 18 months while in
12 | P a g e
remand (Case of Stella). While this measure is reportedly intended to balance
the best interests of the child with prison security and administrative
considerations, it raises important human rights and child protection concerns
as this policy may have significant psychological and developmental impacts
on both the child and the mother.
39. At the institutional level, prison officials described steps taken to improve
rehabilitation, including education programmes and vocational training, while
police authorities presented their internal complaints and discipline system.
40. The Delegation concluded that urgent reforms are needed to expand
rehabilitation and health services, improve infrastructure and classification,
reduce reliance on remand, and strengthen independent oversight of both
police and prison services.
2.5.
Access to justice
41. In its meetings with the judiciary, the Attorney General, the Bar Association,
and civil society representatives, the Delegation received extensive information
on challenges in access to justice. Stakeholders repeatedly drew attention to
prolonged trial delays, with some cases dragging on for several years. This is
especially acute for individuals held on remand, where the denial of bail makes
prolonged detention tantamount to punishment without conviction. The
Delegation noted concerns that the courts tend to treat remand as the default
rather than the exception, contrary to international human rights standards.
42. The Delegation was informed on the challenges in accessing the courts. In
particular, it was indicated that recent measures introduced under the so-called
“Gaz Tax Court” arrangements have restricted public access to court premises,
limiting entry primarily to litigants and witnesses. As a result, members of the
public, civil society actors, and other interested parties face difficulties in
attending hearings or following proceedings. These restrictions hamper followup actions on court conclusions, as observers and affected communities are
unable to effectively monitor or engage with judicial processes.
43. The Delegation also heard of the weaknesses in the legal aid system. Lawyers
are compelled by statute to provide representation at rates below cost, which
discourages diligence and leads to inadequate defence. Reports were made of
lawyers advising clients to plead guilty rather than pursue lengthy
proceedings, raising grave concerns about due process and the effective
exercise of the right to defence. Foreign detainees awaiting trial were cited as
particularly disadvantaged, often left in limbo without proper legal
representation.
44. At the same time, the judiciary emphasised that it has worked to reduce
backlogs, introduced a Law Revision Commission to modernise legislation,
and continues to reference international human rights jurisprudence. Courts
13 | P a g e
have cited decisions from regional and comparative jurisdictions, reinforcing
the justiciability of socio-economic rights and the constitutional right to a safe
environment. These are commendable strides. However, the Delegation
concluded that urgent reforms are needed: public legal education to empower
citizens to use the courts, revision of legal aid modalities to ensure fair
remuneration for counsel, and procedural guarantees that bail remains the rule
and detention the exception.
➢ Judiciary and the Rule of Law
45.
The Delegation devoted considerable attention to the state of the judiciary in
Seychelles, engaging with the Court of Appeal, the Supreme Court, the Attorney
General’s Office, and the Bar Association. Across these engagements, it was clear
that the judiciary operates within a constitutional framework that guarantees
independence and explicitly recognises the justiciability of both civil-political
and socio-economic rights. Courts have on several occasions affirmed these
guarantees, including rulings upholding the right to a safe environment and
ensuring accountability for unlawful detention. Such jurisprudence underscores
Seychelles’ distinctive commitment to treating socio-economic rights as
enforceable obligations rather than policy aspirations.
46.
Despite these constitutional guarantees, stakeholders highlighted a series of
structural and institutional challenges. Both the Supreme Court and Court of
Appeal noted the unique configuration of Seychelles’ judicial hierarchy, with the
Court of Appeal as the apex body and the Supreme Court serving as the trial and
constitutional court. While this has facilitated constitutional review and electoral
dispute resolution, concerns were raised about the tenure of judges, particularly
the limited contracts for foreign judges, which risk undermining continuity and
judicial expertise. Questions about the independence of judicial appointments
also emerged, as the President appoints judges on the recommendation of the
Constitutional Appointments Authority, raising fears of potential political
influence. The Bar Association and civil society additionally flagged constraints
in judicial budgets, which remain tied to the public service framework, as well
as the need for stronger safeguards against perceived partiality in politically
sensitive cases.
47.
The issue of access to justice featured prominently. The Delegation was
repeatedly informed of the excessive reliance on remand detention, even for
minor offences, which exacerbates overcrowding and exposes petty offenders to
hardened criminals. The legal aid system was also described as deeply flawed:
compulsory representation at below-cost rates discourages quality defence,
leading in some cases to lawyers advising guilty pleas instead of mounting
proper defences. This undermines the right to fair trial and disproportionately
impacts indigent and foreign detainees. The Bar Association acknowledged
these concerns and indicated that draft amendments to the Legal Aid Act were
under preparation to adjust fees. However, it stressed that reforms must go
further, ensuring both fair remuneration and robust screening to prevent abuse
14 | P a g e
of the system.
48.
At the same time, the Delegation noted several positive developments. The
Court of Appeal has cleared its backlog of over 200 cases, establishing an efficient
system that now resolves appeals without undue delay. The judiciary has
demonstrated openness to referencing regional and comparative human rights
jurisprudence, citing decisions from South Africa, India, Mauritius, and the
African Commission itself. A Law Revision Commission within the Attorney
General’s Office is systematically modernising outdated statutes, aligning them
with constitutional principles. Importantly, there were no reported instances of
direct political interference in judicial rulings, and the judiciary has continued to
adjudicate sensitive electoral and constitutional matters, such as Ramkalawan v
Electoral Commissioner (2016) and Michel v Dhanjee (2012), which affirmed
judicial oversight of governance.
49.
The Delegation concluded that while Seychelles’ judiciary demonstrates
commendable independence and a strong rights-based constitutional
framework, reforms are needed to consolidate these gains. Specific measures
include reviewing the tenure system for judges, ensuring transparent and
depoliticised appointments, strengthening the judiciary’s financial and
administrative autonomy, and reducing over-reliance on remand through
procedural reforms. Improving the legal aid system, expanding public
awareness of socio-economic rights, and reinforcing the consistent application of
international human rights jurisprudence will be essential for further
entrenching the rule of law.
2.6.
Transitional Justice and Reconciliation
50. The Delegation engaged extensively with the Truth, Reconciliation and
National Unity Commission (TRNUC), which was established in 2018 to
address past human rights violations and to promote reconciliation in
Seychelles. The TRNUC presented the scope of its mandate and explained that
out of 503 cases registered, only 373 remained active, with some complainants
withdrawing due to fear of repercussions or loss of confidence in the process.
The TRNUC reported difficulties in securing full disclosure from perpetrators
and in ensuring accountability for violations such as extrajudicial killings,
enforced disappearances, torture, and economic exclusion of political
dissidents. These limitations have affected its ability to produce a complete
historical record and to deliver justice to victims.
51. Stakeholders, including victims’ groups and civil society, expressed frustration
over the slow pace of implementation of TRNUC recommendations,
particularly in relation to reparations. Many victims who were awarded
compensation have not yet received it, leading to feelings of neglect and
disillusionment. The Delegation noted that this delay undermines confidence
in transitional justice and risks deepening social divisions. The economic
impact of past violations — including loss of land, restricted business
15 | P a g e
opportunities, and exclusion from employment — was highlighted as a
continuing source of inequality, requiring targeted reparative measures.
52. At the same time, the Delegation recognised the positive contributions of the
TRNUC. The later created an unprecedented platform for victims and
perpetrators to share their experiences, contributing to a more accurate national
memory. Testimonies revealed systemic abuses during one-party rule, while
acts of apology and forgiveness between victims and perpetrators
demonstrated the potential of reconciliation to heal divisions. The TRNUC’s
work also fostered public awareness of the importance of accountability and
provided a forum for political dialogue on past injustices.
53. The Delegation stressed that the legacy of TRNUC must be preserved and
institutionalised. This requires establishing a successor committee to oversee
the implementation of its recommendations, adopting legislative reforms to
guarantee reparations, and creating a national memorial to honour victims.
Incorporating human rights education into school curricula, as well as ensuring
free public access to TRNUC’s records, will help future generations understand
the country’s past and guard against recurrence. The Delegation further urged
political leaders to assume responsibility for advancing reconciliation,
emphasising that transitional justice is not a one-time event but a continuous
process. With sustained commitment, Seychelles can consolidate national
unity, restore victims’ dignity, and serve as a regional example of postauthoritarian reconciliation.
2.7.
Freedom of expression and access to information
54. The Delegation engaged with the Seychelles Media Commission, journalists,
opposition parties, and civil society organisations on the state of freedom of
expression. While the constitutional framework guarantees freedom of
expression and an Access to Information law exists, the mission was told of
persistent barriers to accessing public records. Opposition leaders reported that
information officers frequently invoke exceptions such as “commercial
confidentiality” to deny access to sensitive reports, including those relating to
the 2023 explosion and tax exemptions.
55. Civil society also voiced alarm about the Hate Speech Act, which, while
ostensibly designed to protect against discrimination, has raised fears of being
used to restrict political speech. Opposition representatives reported that
public debate spaces such as “Speaker’s Corner” have been effectively
curtailed, and national media were criticised for biased coverage that favours
the ruling party and limits visibility for dissenting voices.
56. At the same time, the Delegation noted that Seychelles has taken important
steps, such as creating the Media Commission, and that public discourse is
increasingly active, particularly through social media. Nonetheless, the
16 | P a g e
Delegation emphasised that robust public debate and equal media access are
indispensable to democracy. It encouraged Seychelles to strengthen the
enforcement of the Access to Information law, ensure balanced media
coverage, and review laws that may chill free expression, while also
safeguarding against incitement in a manner consistent with human rights
standards.
2.8.
Civil Society and Human Rights Defenders
57. The Delegation held a series of engagements with civil society organisations
(CSOs), including the Citizen Engagement Platform Seychelles, the Association
for Rights, Information and Democracy (ARID), and representatives of
community-based groups. Civil society actors emphasised that they play an
essential role in monitoring government accountability, documenting rights
violations, and educating citizens about their entitlements under the
Constitution and the African Charter. The discussions underscored the
resilience of CSOs in promoting human rights despite financial, structural,
political constraints and the lack of specific law for the protection of human
rights defenders or journalists.
58. Concerns were repeatedly raised regarding police brutality and prison
conditions, particularly in the handling of the December 2024 prison riots, as
well as the 10th Constitutional Amendment, which allows military
involvement in civilian policing outside a declared state of emergency. CSOs
feared this reform could erode civilian oversight and increase risks of abuse.
They also highlighted restrictions on freedom of expression, including
harassment of journalists, limited access to public information despite existing
laws, and the potential misuse of the Hate Speech Act to silence political
dissent. Moreover, representatives noted that vulnerable groups such as sex
workers, inmates, persons with disabilities, and the elderly remain underserved, with rehabilitation and social services in decline.
59. Despite these challenges, the Delegation observed positive developments. Civil
society remains active in advocacy, raising awareness on sensitive issues such
as discrimination, migrant workers’ rights, and environmental protection. The
willingness of CSOs to engage with the Commission demonstrated their
commitment to regional mechanisms and their readiness to hold constructive
dialogue with national authorities. Importantly, civil society has also
contributed to public empowerment, equipping citizens with knowledge of
their rights and fostering grassroots resilience.
60. The Delegation concluded that Seychelles should strengthen the legal and
operational environment for civil society, ensuring CSOs can operate free from
interference. Greater resource allocation and structured channels for
government–civil society dialogue would enhance collaboration and
accountability. It further stressed the importance for revisiting legislation that
restricts media freedom, ensuring independent investigations into police
17 | P a g e
abuses, and reinforcing protections for human rights defenders and journalists
against intimidation. By supporting civil society as a key partner, Seychelles
can consolidate democratic governance and safeguard human rights.
2.9.
Refugees, Asylum Seekers and Migrants
61. The issue of refugees and migrants emerged in multiple stakeholder
engagements, particularly with the Ministry of Internal Affairs, the Ministry of
Foreign Affairs, and civil society organisations. The Delegation was informed
that while Seychelles has ratified the Refugee Convention, it has not
domesticated it into national law, leaving asylum seekers in a legal vacuum.
Without a structured asylum system, claims are not processed within a
predictable framework, leaving individuals vulnerable.
62. The Delegation was informed that Migrants make up a significant proportion
of Seychelles’ workforce—over 25,000 workers, mainly in construction,
agriculture, and domestic service. While authorities highlighted strong labour
laws, labour tribunals, and inspection systems, civil society raised troubling
accounts of exploitation: confiscation of passports, unpaid wages, lack of
shelters for abused workers and intimidation by employers to prevent
complaints indicate that protection remains uneven.
63. The Delegation also learnt about the working condition of some migrants
particularly their transportation conditions. The delegation was informed that
migrant workers are often transported in open trucks alongside construction
materials, without any form of protection from harsh weather conditions,
including heavy rain. This lack of basic dignity and safety measures not only
reflects a disregard for their well-being by some of the employers but has also
led to tragic incidents. In one such case, an accident occurred in which some
workers were thrown from a moving truck, highlighting the dangerous and
negligent practices that prioritize operational convenience over human lives.
Such situations underscore the urgent need for stronger regulations,
enforcement of safety standards, and respect for the inherent dignity of all
workers.
64. Authorities emphasised their commitment to combatting trafficking in persons,
including the establishment of a national task force, a 24-hour hotline, and
inspection regimes coordinated with the Ministry of Employment and
Immigration. Bilateral negotiations are underway to improve the protection of
foreign workers, while the judiciary has begun addressing labour rights
disputes through dedicated tribunals. Nonetheless, the Delegation concluded
that urgent action is required, such as enactment of a national asylum
framework, stricter enforcement against abusive labour practices, safe
complaint mechanisms for migrants, and continued regional cooperation on
trafficking and labour rights.
2.10.
The right to participate freely in Government
18 | P a g e
65. The Delegation received detailed briefings from the Speaker of the National
Assembly, opposition parties, and civil society on the political system.
Seychelles was commended for holding free and fair elections resulting in a
peaceful transfer of power, and for an amendment to the electoral law that
specifies election dates, thus ensuring predictability. Continuity of service for
public officials irrespective of political affiliation was cited as a further sign of
democratic maturity.
66. At the same time, opposition parties and civil society raised concerns about
partisan treatment of opposition Members of the Parliament (MPs) in the
National Assembly, limited access to the voter register, and the risk that
diaspora voting initiatives could contravene residency requirements. Media
bias was again raised as a barrier to pluralism, restricting the visibility of
alternative political voices.
67. The Delegation also noted the underrepresentation of women and youth in
parliament, with women holding only 24% of seats despite broader leadership
roles across society. Although no quota system exists, the Assembly indicated
openness to debate strategies for enhancing women’s and youth participation.
68. The Delegation recommended practical measures to strengthen democracy:
improving parliamentary fairness for all political actors, guaranteeing access to
voter registers, encouraging balanced media coverage, and exploring
mechanisms—including quotas or incentives—to enhance representation of
women and youth. It also stressed that vibrant opposition, fair media, and
inclusive participation are the bedrock of a resilient democracy.
2.11.
The right to employment
69. The Delegation noted the existence of a large legal framework that protect the
right to employment, including the constitution, the national development
strategy Charts, the employment department strategic plan, the national policy
and the Employment Act. The delegation was also informed of the
establishment of a National Consultative Committee Employment with the
responsibility of reviewing policies and matters related to employment and
ensuring that workers’ rights are upheld. The delegation commended the
Government for the unemployment law rate, even though areas of
improvement are still necessary especially regarding the youth employment.
70. The Delegation was informed that various special employment programmes
such as reskilling and skills development programmes are available, allowing
persons with disability, teenage mothers and those following rehabilitation for
substance abuse equal chance to gain employment and contribute to society.
71. The delegation was informed that the country is reliant on non-Seychellois
workers to further the country sustainable development agenda and provide
19 | P a g e
skills and expertise that are lacking. As example, in the first quarter of 2024,
25.395 foreigners with active work permits were working in Seychelles.
72. Although laws, programs and mechanisms exist, the Delegation was informed
of human rights abuse, especially for migrant workers, particularly those
employed in the construction, tourism and manufacturing industries and
sectors.
2.12.
The right to health
73. Health issues featured prominently throughout the mission, especially during
the Delegation’s visit to the Communicable Disease Control (CDC) Unit and
meetings with the Ministry of Health. Authorities highlighted Seychelles’
commitment to universal healthcare, with 13% of GDP allocated to health
services, ensuring access for all citizens to receive free care, comprehensive
range of services from prevention, to curative, and rehabilitative as well as
covering treatment abroad when required.
74. The Delegation noted with appreciation the existence of seven structured
programmes at the CDC, including HIV, Tuberculosis, viral hepatitis, and
harm-reduction schemes such as needle and syringe exchanges. These
initiatives demonstrate an understanding of the nexus between public health
and human rights.
75. Nevertheless, health workers, civil society, and affected communities pointed
to ongoing drug-related health challenges, particularly among vulnerable
populations. Retention of patients in HIV treatment programmes remains
inconsistent, with stigma and reluctance to adhere to long-term medication
undermining effectiveness. Sex workers and key populations face barriers to
accessing tailored health services, limiting trust and leaving gaps in prevention.
Rising levels of non-communicable diseases (NCDs)—including cancers,
diabetes, and cardiovascular illnesses—were also flagged as placing additional
strain on the health infrastructure.
76. The Delegation observed commendable progress, such as the establishment of
a new cardiovascular unit and targeted methadone support for pregnant
women. However, it concluded that to ensure the right to the highest attainable
standard of health, Seychelles should strengthen outreach to key populations,
scale up harm-reduction services, and expand investment in NCD prevention.
Multi-sectoral cooperation to tackle the social determinants of health—road
safety, sugar consumption, and poverty—was also recommended to protect
vulnerable groups and consolidate universal health guarantees.
2.13.
The right to education
77. The Delegation received extensive briefings from the Ministry of Education on
the enjoyment of the right to education. Seychelles devotes 12% of GDP to
20 | P a g e
education, provides 11 years of compulsory schooling, and boasts near 100%
primary enrolment and over 90% secondary progression. These achievements
demonstrate strong political commitment to education as a fundamental right.
The Delegation welcomed inclusive initiatives such as support funds for lowincome families, a national school meals programme, and the policy that allows
pregnant students to return to school, ensuring non-discrimination.
78. Furthermore, the Delegation noted significant investment in digital education,
with the Government extending online learning platforms and digital
engagement tools to both public and private schools free of charge. This
inclusive approach ensures that students from different educational settings
benefit equally from technological advancements. Importantly, as part of
efforts to strengthen digital literacy and bridge the technology gap, the
Government provides laptop skills training to all students from Primary 5 (P5)
onwards, irrespective of the school they attend.
79. At the same time, officials acknowledged challenges such as dropout risks for
girls linked to cultural resistance to sanitary pad programmes, and skills gaps
in public service professions—notably law, medicine in correctional settings,
and Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) fields. Civil
society also noted disparities in resource allocation between public and private
schools, as well as the need to enhance access to language and cultural
programmes to expand global exposure for students.
80. The Delegation commended the availability of education in juvenile detention
facilities and vocational training in prisons but noted that facilities are limited
and not sufficiently tailored for rehabilitation. To reinforce the right to
education, Seychelles was encouraged to relaunch culturally sensitive
initiatives to support girls’ attendance, expand human rights education in
curricula, and address skills shortages through targeted scholarships and
manpower planning. Expanding language clubs (e.g., Arabic, Swahili, French)
and cultural exchanges would also enrich intercultural learning and equip
young people for global opportunities.
2.14.
The rights of women
81. Women’s rights featured prominently in the Delegation’s discussions with
government ministries, the National Assembly, and civil society. Seychelles has
made significant progress in mainstreaming gender in leadership, with women
holding influential positions in public institutions. Positive examples include
policies allowing pregnant students to resume education and efforts to
integrate reproductive health into curricula. Authorities also reaffirmed their
commitment to social protection measures, including maternity benefits, which
are constitutionally guaranteed.
82. Despite these gains, the Delegation observed persistent underrepresentation of
women in Parliament, where they hold only 24% of seats. Civil society further
21 | P a g e
highlighted gaps in sexual and reproductive health (SRH) services, especially
for adolescent girls. Cultural resistance to menstrual health programmes
continues to affect attendance and full participation in school life. Additionally,
women in informal sectors and migrant work remain vulnerable to
exploitation, with insufficient monitoring and legal remedies.
83. The Delegation noted that sustained progress requires combining legislative
and policy frameworks with social change initiatives. It encouraged Seychelles
to adopt specific measures to increase women’s political participation—
whether through quotas, incentives, or leadership training—while expanding
access to SRH education and services. Bridging cultural taboos, ensuring equal
access to economic opportunities, and monitoring labour rights for women,
including migrants, are key to advancing gender equality in practice.
2.15.
The rights of children
84. Engagements with the Minister for employment and Social Affairs, civil
society, and education authorities highlighted Seychelles’ achievements in
protecting children’s rights. The establishment of National Council for
Children and the adoption of laws, including the Civil code 2020, the Children
(Amendment) Act 2020 and the children (working with children suitability
check) regulations 2024 are among other measures to address gaps for the
betterment of children. Near-universal enrolment in education, targeted school
meal programmes, and inclusive policies for children with disabilities were
cited as key milestones. Social protection measures extend to orphans, ensuring
financial and welfare support.
85. The delegation was also informed that free 3-digit children’s helpline was
introduced since 2021 to respond to issues faced by children, since there has
been an increase in cases being reported. Testimonies also revealed positive
outcomes of the TRNUC process, which acknowledged the historic socioeconomic impacts of past restrictions on families, including children.
86. Nonetheless, concerns persist. Civil society emphasised the need for tailored
SRH education for adolescents, gaps in child-sensitive complaint mechanisms,
and exposure to drug-related risks in certain communities. Stakeholders also
pointed to insufficient rehabilitation opportunities for children in conflict with
the law, as juvenile facilities remain under-resourced and limited in scope.
87. The Delegation observed that Seychelles has a solid legal and policy foundation
but must expand implementation. It stressed the need for strengthening ageappropriate SRH education, enhancing counsellor networks in schools, and
increasing opportunities for children in detention to receive education and
reintegration support. Broadening public awareness campaigns and ensuring
that children’s voices are integrated into decision-making processes would
further consolidate the right of every child to grow and develop in dignity.
22 | P a g e
2.16.
Persons with disabilities
88. In meetings with the Ramp Up, Rise Up Association and other civil society
actors, the Delegation was informed of significant gaps in the protection of the
rights of persons with disabilities. Since the dissolution of the National Council
for Persons with Disabilities in 2020, there has been no statutory body
specifically mandated to safeguard these rights. Stakeholders stressed that this
institutional vacuum has left many persons with disabilities without effective
channels to raise grievances or influence policy. Accessibility challenges in
transport, public buildings, and information systems remain acute, limiting full
participation in social and economic life.
89. Authorities acknowledged these gaps but pointed to ongoing reforms,
including the introduction of day centres designed to provide integrated
services to both persons with disabilities and older persons. Renovation works
in residential facilities were highlighted as part of a broader effort to improve
living conditions. Nevertheless, without a dedicated legislative and
institutional framework, these initiatives remain piecemeal and insufficient to
guarantee enforceable rights.
90. The Delegation emphasised that Seychelles should domesticate the Convention
on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities into national law and adopt
legislation specifically protecting persons with disabilities. Practical measures
must include mandatory accessibility standards, the creation of a statutory
body with budgetary independence, and sustained awareness campaigns. By
combining legal guarantees with service delivery and participatory
mechanisms, Seychelles can create the conditions for persons with disabilities
to exercise their rights on an equal basis with others.
2.17.
Older persons
91. The Delegation’s visit to the Anse-Royale Elderly Home provided direct
insight into the challenges facing older persons in Seychelles. The dissolution
of the National Council for the Elderly in 2020 left a policy and institutional
gap, with no statutory framework dedicated to safeguarding the rights of older
persons. Staff at the facility reported difficulties in providing long-term medical
and rehabilitative care, noting that many residents spend years in homes
without sufficient access to integrated health services. Renovation works,
though ongoing, are constrained by limited space and resources.
92. Authorities informed the Delegation of plans to shift toward day centre models,
designed to reduce over-reliance on residential facilities and to enable
community-based care. International models, such as Australia’s elderly care
system, were cited as inspiration. While these initiatives are promising, civil
society expressed concern that without a legal framework, services remain
dependent on political will and are vulnerable to shifting priorities.
23 | P a g e
93. The Delegation concluded that Seychelles should adopt a dedicated law on the
rights of older persons, aligning with the pending adopted Protocol to the
African Charter on the Rights of Older Persons. This should establish
enforceable entitlements, sustainable budget allocations, and institutional
accountability. Expanding medicalised care within facilities, investing in
infrastructure upgrades, and fostering regional cooperation to share best
practices would ensure that the dignity and well-being of older persons are
fully protected.
2.18.
Indigenous populations/Communities and Minority Groups
94. Seychelles does not have any recognized indigenous peoples within its
population. However, the Delegation was informed that the country has some
minority religious groups, including Hindu and Muslim communities. There
are no reported incidents of systemic discrimination against these groups, and
they are able to freely practice their religion and participate fully in the
country’s social, economic, and political life. In terms of international human
rights commitments, Seychelles has demonstrated strong leadership in
combating Trafficking in Persons (TIP). Notably, the country is the only African
State to have achieved Tier 1 status in the U.S. Trafficking in Persons Report,
reflecting its sustained efforts to meet the minimum standards for the
elimination of trafficking, including prevention, protection, and prosecution
measures. This achievement underscores Seychelles’ commitment to
upholding human rights standards and protecting vulnerable groups within its
jurisdiction.
2.19.
Environment, Climate Change and Extractive Industries
95. Environmental and resource governance featured prominently in the
Delegation’s engagements with the Ministry of Agriculture, Environment,
Climate and Energy and civil society. The mission noted Seychelles’ strong
constitutional guarantees of the right to a safe environment and the judiciary’s
jurisprudence affirming the justiciability of environmental rights. However,
challenges persist. Civil society expressed concern about biosecurity threats
from agricultural imports, inadequate monitoring of construction and tourism
projects near sensitive ecosystems, and the potential misuse of access-toinformation requests that strain administrative capacity.
96. Authorities highlighted several positive steps: preparation of a new
environment strategic plan, efforts to diversify agricultural inputs and stabilise
food supply chains, and active coastal protection programmes linked to
Seychelles’ Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) under the Paris
Agreement. The Ministry also reported ongoing agricultural data collection,
with results intended to inform evidence-based policymaking. These initiatives
underscore Seychelles’ commitment to addressing the twin pressures of food
security and environmental protection.
24 | P a g e
97. Nevertheless, the Delegation was reminded that Seychelles remains highly
vulnerable to climate change, particularly coastal erosion and rising sea levels.
To uphold Article 24 of the African Charter, the Delegation recommended the
adoption of comprehensive impact assessments for all major development
projects, with independent monitoring and periodic public reporting.
Strengthening biosecurity protocols, expanding climate-resilient agricultural
practices, and ensuring community participation in environmental governance
were also highlighted as urgent priorities. Finally, the Delegation encouraged
Seychelles to advance its interests in global climate policy forums to secure
financial and technical support for adaptation and resilience.
25 | P a g e
3.0 RECOMMENDATIONS
98. Based on the findings of the Delegation, the Commission calls on the
Government of Seychelles to adopt the following recommendations, in order
to enhance the promotion and protection of human rights in the country.
Legislative and Other Measures to Implement the Provisions of the African
Charter
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
v.
vi.
Ratify the pending AU human rights treaties, including the African
Union Convention for the Protection and Assistance of Internally
Displaced Persons in Africa (Kampala Convention); the Protocol to the
African Charter on the Rights of Older Persons; the Protocol to the
African Charter on the Rights of people with disability; the Protocol to
the African Charter on the Rights of Citizens to Social Protection and
Social Security; the Protocol to the African Charter on the Specific
Aspects of the Right to a Nationality and the Eradication of
Statelessness; and the Protocol to the African Charter Establishing the
African Court on Human and Peoples’ Rights.
Enact legislation for domesticating the convention on refugees that
Seychelles is a party to and establish a national mechanism to ensure the
protection and the assistance of asylum seekers and refugees.
Put in place national team for the preparation and submission of the
periodic reports of Seychelles under the African Charter on Human and
Peoples’ Rights.
Provide adequate human and financial resources to oversight
institutions, including the Seychelles Human Rights Commission,
Ombudsman, Anti-Corruption Commission, and Truth, Reconciliation
and National Unity Commission (TRNUC).
Adopt a comprehensive legislative reform to align governance
structures with the constitutional framework, particularly in ensuring
the full financial and administrative autonomy of the SHRC and the
Ombudsman by according them a status similar to the Anti-Corruption
Commission.
To establish a Committee on Human Rights and social affairs within the
National Assembly to deal with related issues.
The Right to Life
i. Expedite independent and transparent investigations into the December
2023 explosion and the December 2024 prison riot, ensuring perpetrators
are held accountable and victims’ families receive fair and adequate
compensation.
ii. Provide regular public updates on such investigations and ensure that
affected families are informed of progress.
26 | P a g e
iii. Institutionalise victim-centred approaches, including psychosocial
support and compensation schemes, in cases involving loss of life under
state responsibility.
The Prohibition and Prevention of Torture
i.
ii.
iii.
Enact legislation explicitly criminalising torture and ill-treatment in line
with the Robben Island Guidelines.
Consider ratification of the Optional Protocol to the Convention against
Torture and establish a National Preventive Mechanism with full
monitoring powers.
Strengthen complaints mechanisms in detention facilities and ensure
independent oversight of all allegations of ill-treatment by police and
prison authorities.
Prisons, Conditions of Detention, and Policing
i.
Improve prison infrastructure, hygiene, and perimeter security, and
establish classification systems to separate inmates based on severity of
offence, risk levels, and rehabilitation needs.
ii. Expand rehabilitation and reintegration programmes, including
vocational training and methadone substitution schemes.
iii. Initiate investigations into the sources, means and methods of access to
drugs in prisons and adopt the requisite measures for preventing use of
drugs, including in prisons.
iv. Decriminalise petty offences and develop community-based alternatives
to incarceration.
v. Ensure that infants born to women in custody are not separated from
their mothers prior to the completion of trial, in line with the
presumption of innocence.
vi. Strengthen accountability and transparency in policing, including
through independent investigation of deaths and abuses in custody.
vii. Ensure that the determination of the constitutionality of the tenth
amendment is concluded within reasonable period of time and pending
that institute measures that guarantee that the application of the
deployment of the armed forces for assisting police is limited for
exceptional circumstances.
viii. Ensure that armed forces deployed for assisting police are provided with
the requisite training in the rules of engagement and human rights
standards that apply for law enforcement including most particularly on
the use of force as illustrated by the loss of lives during the attempt to
control the riots in the main prison.
ix. Provide continuous training on human rights standards, lawful use of
force, and implementation of the Luanda Guidelines and the Guidelines
for the Policing of Assemblies.
x. Establish or reinforce independent complaints mechanisms to address
allegations of police misconduct.
27 | P a g e
Access to Justice and the Rule of Law
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
v.
vi.
Review the modalities of the Legal aid assistance to ensure that
members of the Bar are able to discharge their responsibilities in
representing the indignant with utmost responsibility and diligence.
Put in place measure to ensure that those on trial while on remand are
tried within a reasonable time including by enforcing maximum time
limits for different stages of trials, including complex cases.
Ensure that the right to bail is granted as a matter of rule, and remanding
those awaiting or on trial only in cases there is evidence of them being a
flight risk, or likely to commit further offenses while on bail, or may
interfere with the investigation or prosecution of the case.
Review and revise existing regulations and administrative practices to
ensure that access to courts is not unduly restricted, while maintaining
necessary security measures.
Strengthen judicial independence by reviewing the tenure of judges,
depoliticising appointments, and granting full financial autonomy to the
judiciary.
Enhance public legal education to increase awareness of socio-economic
rights and access to remedies.
Transitional Justice and Reconciliation
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
Fast-track necessary legal and policy reforms as well as allocation of the
required funds to implement the recommendations of TRNUC.
Establish a successor body to monitor and oversee compliance with
TRNUC’s findings.
Create a national memorial site to preserve the memory of victims of
past violations and institutionalise human rights education in schools.
Ensure transparency and political accountability in advancing
reconciliation, including dialogue among political actors and public
access to TRNUC records.
Freedom of Expression and Access to Information
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
Review and amend the Hate Speech Act to ensure it is not misused to
restrict political speech or opposition activities.
Guarantee pluralism and equitable access for opposition parties and
independent voices in national media.
Strengthen implementation of the Access to Information Law to ensure
requests are not arbitrarily denied.
Ensure journalists and human rights defenders are protected from
harassment, intimidation, or arbitrary arrest.
Human Rights Defenders
28 | P a g e
Adopt and implement legal and policy frameworks that explicitly
recognise and protect the work of human rights defenders, in line with
international and regional standards.
Allocate financial resources to support the work of civil society through
transparent and competitive funding mechanisms, while respecting their
independence.
Facilitate capacity-building programmes to strengthen CSOs’ institutional,
advocacy, and monitoring capacities, particularly for smaller communitybased organisations.
i.
ii.
iii.
Refugees, Asylum Seekers and Migrants
i. Domesticate the Refugee Convention and establish a national asylum
mechanism to process claims in line with international standards.
ii. Adopt legislatives and other measures to monitor and protect the rights of
migrant workers;
iii. Strengthen monitoring of recruitment agencies and employers to prevent
exploitation of migrant workers, including document confiscation and nonpayment of wages.
iv. Establish shelters and legal aid mechanisms for migrant workers and
trafficking victims.
v. Reinforce legal and institutional safeguards against trafficking in persons,
including accessible complaint channels and effective enforcement.
The right to participate freely in Government
i.
Strengthen parliamentary rules and practices to safeguard pluralism, foster
constructive dialogue, and uphold the principle of political neutrality within
parliamentary institutions.
Continue to build on existing positive reforms such as the amendment
specifying election dates, ensuring that future electoral processes remain
free, fair, and credible.
Develop strategies and policy frameworks to increase the representation of
women and youth in decision-making processes.
ii.
iii.
The right to employment
iv.
v.
vi.
Develop targeted policies and programmes aimed at reducing youth
unemployment.
Enhance partnerships between the education sector and industries to align
skills development with labour market needs.
Strengthen monitoring and enforcement mechanisms to ensure that
migrant workers enjoy the same labour rights and protections as nationals,
in line with international human rights and labour standards.
29 | P a g e
vii.
Increase labour inspections, particularly in high-risk sectors such as
construction, tourism, and manufacturing, and ensure effective complaint
and redress mechanisms are available to all workers regardless of status.
The Right to Health
i. Enhance measures and strategies to minimise and prevent drug abuse and
strengthen rehabilitation programs including by establishing pathways for
ensuring that those who served their terms and rehabilitated are not denied
of their right to work;
ii. Expand targeted services for sex workers, adolescents, inmates and key
populations, including stigma-free access to HIV, hepatitis, and reproductive
health care.
iii. Scale up interventions for non-communicable diseases, including cancer,
cardiovascular conditions, and diabetes.
iv. Integrate health education into schools and community programmes to
address lifestyle-related risks and promote preventive care.
The Right to Education
ii. Strengthen integration of human rights education and African Charter
principles into curricula at all levels.
iii. Expand support for students with disabilities, including specialised equipment
and reasonable accommodations in schools.
iv. Enhance education and reintegration programmes for juvenile offenders and
prisoners.
v. Expand language and cultural programmes, including Arabic, Swahili, and
French, to foster intercultural understanding and employability.
The Rights of Women, and Children
i.
ii.
iii.
Provide sexual and reproductive health services and education targeting
specifically female teenage students.
Ensure equitable political participation for women and youth, including
through incentives or special measures to enhance representation in
Parliament.
Expand gender-sensitive policies in education, including access to sanitary
pads and reproductive health programmes for girls.
The rights of Persons with Disability and Old Persons
viii.
Adopt laws on the rights of persons with disability and old persons that
ensure the creation of the conditions that make the exercise by persons with
disabilities and old persons of their rights on an equal basis with others
possible including by implementing measures for accessibility based on
consultations and having regard to their needs.
30 | P a g e
ix.
Re-establish statutory bodies to safeguard the rights of the elderly and
persons with disabilities and ensure budgetary allocations for their effective
functioning.
Indigenous populations/Communities and Minority Groups
i.
Continue to uphold and strengthen legal and policy frameworks that
guarantee the protection of the rights of all minority groups, in line with its
constitutional and international human rights obligations.
Environment, Climate Change, and Extractive Industries
i. Put in place effective legal, institutional and regulatory measures that ensure
compliance with the right to safe environment with the obligation for
conducting human rights, environmental and social impact assessment and
instituting relevant preventive measures in undertaking development projects
with particular attention to vulnerable ecosystems.
ii. Institute mechanisms for settlement of grievances and for holding businesses
administratively, civilly, and criminally for violating environmental, labour
and human rights standards.
iii. Adopt strategy for advancing the interests of Seychelles in global policy making
on climate change to ensure mobilisation of resources for adaptation and
resilience.
iv. Ensure transparency and public participation in environmental decisionmaking, particularly for large construction and tourism projects.
v. Enhance biosecurity controls to address pest, disease, and ecosystem threats.
To other stakeholders:
ii. In addition, the Commission calls on CSOs, and other stakeholders, to continue
their efforts to promote and protect human rights in the country, working in
collaboration with the Government.
31 | P a g e
Annex 1:
Mission Program
Day 1: Monday, 10 March 2025
•
•
Meeting with the Speaker of the National Assembly
Meeting with the Minister of Foreign Affairs and Tourism
Day 2: Tuesday, 11 March 2025
•
•
•
•
Courtesy call on His Excellency the President of the Republic of Seychelles
Meeting with the Commission Meeting with the Chief Executive Officer of the
Seychelles Media
Meeting with the Chief Executive Officer of the Citizen Engagement Platform
Seychelles and other Civil society Organizations
Meeting with the Vice Chairperson of the Truth, Reconciliation and National
Unity Commission
Day 3: Wednesday, 12 March 2025
•
•
•
•
•
•
Meeting with the Ombudsman and the Deputy Chairperson of the Seychelles
Human Rights Commission
Meeting with the President of the Court of Appeal
Meeting with the Attorney General
Meeting with the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court
Meeting with the Leader of the Opposition
Meeting with the Commissioner of the Anti-Corruption Commission of
Seychelles
Day 4: Thursday, 13 March 2025
•
•
•
•
•
•
Meeting with the Minister for Internal Affairs
Visit to the Montagne Posée Prison
Meeting with the Minister for Education
Meeting with the Minister for Employment and Social Affairs
Meeting with the Minister for Agriculture, Climate Change and Environment
Meeting with the Ramp Up, Rise Up Association for persons with disabilities
Day 5: Friday, 14 March 2025
•
•
•
•
•
•
Meeting with the President of the Bar Association and other lawyers
Meeting with the Minister for Health
Visit to the Communicable Disease Control Unit
Meeting with the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC)
Visit to the Anse-Royale Elderly Home
Press Conference hosted by the Delegation
32 | P a g e